我们在游戏开发中经常会用到这种模式,用于模块之间的消息分发,来降低模块之间耦合性,基本原来就是利用字符串作为key值来存储回调函数(大多数观察者模式使用字符串作为消息队列中的key值),分发消息时检索key值来获取回调函数并执行来达到模块之间交互的功能,为了实现消息类型拓展,这里我使用了类模板来实现,由于c++编译器对类模板的限制,因此类模板成员函数的实现我也放在了头文件中,代码之中不作说明
头文件:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
//消息系统
//无参数
class Message
{
public:
typedef void(*CallBack)();
Message() {}
~Message() { messageMap.clear(); }
static Message* instance;
void Clean();
static Message* GetInstance();
void AddListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
void RemoveListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
void Dispatch(std::string eventType);
private:
std::map<std::string, std::vector<CallBack>> messageMap;
};
//单参数
template<class T>
class MessageI
{
public:
typedef void(*CallBack)(T args);
MessageI() {}
static MessageI<T>* GetInstance();
void AddListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
void RemoveListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
void Dispatch(std::string eventType, T arg1);
void Clean();
private:
std::map<std::string, std::vector<CallBack> > messageMap;
static MessageI<T>* instanceI;
};
template<class T>
MessageI<T>* MessageI<T>::instanceI = NULL;
template<class T>
MessageI<T>* MessageI<T>::GetInstance()
{
if (!instanceI)
{
instanceI = new MessageI<T>();
}
return instanceI;
}
template<class T>
void MessageI<T>::Clean()
{
messageMap.clear();
}
template<class T>
void MessageI<T>::AddListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
if (iter != messageMap.end())
{
iter->second.push_back(callback);
}
else
{
vector<CallBack> temp;
temp.push_back(callback);
messageMap.insert(make_pair(eventType, temp));
}
}
template<class T>
void MessageI<T>::RemoveListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
if (iter == messageMap.end())
{
cout << "error:删除不存在的消息 name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
}
else
{
auto funcVec = iter->second;
for (auto iter = funcVec.begin(); iter != funcVec.end(); iter++)
{
if (*iter == callback)
{
funcVec.erase(iter);
break;
}
}
if (funcVec.size == 0)
{
messageMap.erase(iter);
}
}
}
template<class T>
void MessageI<T>::Dispatch(std::string eventType, T arg1)
{
auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
if (iter == messageMap.end())
{
cout << "error:触发不存在的消息 name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
}
else
{
auto funcVec = iter->second;
for each (auto var in funcVec)
{
if (var)
{
var(arg1);
}
else
{
cout << "error:回调函数为null name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
}
}
}
}
//两个参数
template<class T, class U>
class MessageII
{
public:
typedef void(*CallBack)(T args1, U args2);
MessageII() {}
static MessageII<T, U>* GetInstance();
void AddListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
void RemoveListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback);
void Dispatch(std::string eventType, T args1, U args2);
void Clean();
private:
std::map<std::string, std::vector<CallBack> > messageMap;
static MessageII<T, U>* instanceII;
};
template<class T, class U>
MessageII<T, U>* MessageII<T, U>::instanceII = NULL;
template<class T, class U>
MessageII<T, U>* MessageII<T, U>::GetInstance()
{
if (!instanceII)
{
instanceII = new MessageII<T, U>();
}
return instanceII;
}
template<class T, class U>
void MessageII<T, U>::Clean()
{
messageMap.clear();
}
template<class T, class U>
void MessageII<T, U>::AddListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
if (iter != messageMap.end())
{
iter->second.push_back(callback);
}
else
{
vector<CallBack> temp;
temp.push_back(callback);
messageMap.insert(make_pair(eventType, temp));
}
}
template<class T, class U>
void MessageII<T, U>::RemoveListener(std::string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
if (iter == messageMap.end())
{
cout << "error:删除不存在的消息 name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
}
else
{
auto funcVec = iter->second;
for (auto iter = funcVec.begin(); iter != funcVec.end(); iter++)
{
if (*iter == callback)
{
funcVec.erase(iter);
break;
}
}
if (funcVec.size == 0)
{
messageMap.erase(iter);
}
}
}
template<class T, class U>
void MessageII<T, U>::Dispatch(std::string eventType, T args1, U args2)
{
auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
if (iter == messageMap.end())
{
cout << "error:触发不存在的消息 name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
}
else
{
auto funcVec = iter->second;
for each (auto var in funcVec)
{
if (var)
{
var(args1, args2);
}
else
{
cout << "error:回调函数为null name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
}
}
}
}
源文件:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Message.h"
using namespace std;
Message* Message::instance = nullptr;
Message* Message::GetInstance()
{
if (instance == nullptr)
{
instance = new Message();
}
return instance;
}
void Message::Clean()
{
messageMap.clear();
}
void Message::AddListener(string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
if (iter != messageMap.end())
{
iter->second.push_back(callback);
}
else
{
vector<CallBack> temp;
temp.push_back(callback);
messageMap.insert(make_pair(eventType, temp));
}
}
void Message::RemoveListener(string eventType, CallBack callback)
{
auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
if (iter == messageMap.end())
{
cout << "error:删除不存在的消息 name = "<<eventType.c_str()<<endl;
}
else
{
auto funcVec = iter->second;
for (auto iter = funcVec.begin(); iter != funcVec.end(); iter++)
{
if (*iter == callback)
{
funcVec.erase(iter);
break;
}
}
if (funcVec.size() == 0)
{
messageMap.erase(iter);
}
}
}
void Message::Dispatch(string eventType)
{
auto iter = messageMap.find(eventType);
if (iter == messageMap.end())
{
cout << "error:触发不存在的消息 name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
}
else
{
auto funcVec = iter->second;
for each (auto var in funcVec)
{
if (var)
{
var();
}
else
{
cout << "error:回调函数为null name = " << eventType.c_str() << endl;
}
}
}
}
当前实现了无参消息分发、一个参数消息分发、两个参数消息分发,后续有需求可以对照拓展即可
使用例子如下:
// EventTest.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "Message.h"
using namespace std;
void pint()
{
cout << "a" << endl;
}
void pint2()
{
cout << "b" << endl;
}
void test1(int a)
{
cout<<"call test1 value = " << a << endl;
}
void test2(int b)
{
cout << "call test2 value = " << b << endl;
}
void test3(int a, string str)
{
cout << "a = " << a << ", str = " << str.c_str() << endl;
}
void test4(string str1, string str2)
{
cout << "str1 = " << str1.c_str() << ", str2 = " << str2.c_str() << endl;
}
int main()
{
Message::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", pint);
Message::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", pint2);
Message::GetInstance()->Dispatch("test");
MessageI<int>::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", test1);
MessageI<int>::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", test2);
MessageI<int>::GetInstance()->Dispatch("test", 10);
MessageII<int, string>::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", test3);
MessageII<string, string>::GetInstance()->AddListener("test", test4);
MessageII<int, string>::GetInstance()->Dispatch("test", 15, "HelloWorld");
MessageII<string, string>::GetInstance()->Dispatch("test", "ko", "HelloWorld");
system("pause");
return 0;
}
输出: