AsyncTask异步任务处理
AsysncTask 内部是线程池 + Handler的实现方式实现异步任务。
AsyncTask有四个核心方法:
onPreExecute()
主线程中执行,执行任务前的一些准备工作可以在此操作
doInBackgroud()
线程池中执行
onProgressUpdate()
主线程中执行,更新进度
onPostExecute()
主线程中执行,拿到结果,刷新UI等操作
AsyncTask具体实现
从入口分析,在初始化AsyncTask的时候,同时内部初始化了2个类
public AsyncTask() {
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
}
一个是mWorker,他是负责执行工作线程具体内容的,在子线程中被执行,他负责了doInBackground拿到结果,并调用postResult()方法,把结果post出去。还有一个mFuture,他是一个实现了Runnable, Future的并发执行类,即执行任务的子线程,
当我们执行AsyncTask的时候会调用execute()方法
,execute()又调了executeOnExecutor()
方法
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
可以看出最终开始执行是线程池的execute方法,AsyncTask里有2个线程池,SerialExecutor
和threadPoolExecutor
,SerialExecutor,而threadPoolExecutor负责执行任务,查看SerialExecutor
源码,是可以看出他在执行完一个任务后调用了scheduleNext()
方法,而SerialExecutor
是静态的变量,不论多少个AsyncTask都会共享这个线程池,这就导致了使用AsyncTask执行多个任务时,会串行,而不是并行的。
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
- SerialExecutor拿到任务后添加到了双端队列ArrayDeque中,但是他具体的执行是在
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR(threadPoolExecutor)
线程池中的, - 在Android 3.0之后,AsyncTask便是串行的了,但是能不能让AsyncTask并行呢,是可以的,我们自己写一个线程池来替代系统的
SerialExecutor
,具体根据想要的效果来自定义,除此之外,在执行异步任务时,还可以调用executeOnExecutor()
方法也是可以的,即使用内部的执行任务的线程池来替代SerialExecutor
;
asyncTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR,"");
- 在获取到结果后
mWorker
负责把结果post出去,调用方法postResult(result);
这里使用了InternalHandler,InternalHandler的初始化就是通过获取主线程的Looper,传递给Handler,实现了消息线程的切换;
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler() {
super(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}