shell学习第三章：shell环境变量

参考链接：https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Main_Page

1、变量可以用来储存数据，或者配置操作。有两种类型的变量：系统变量、用户自定义变量

系统变量由bash shell建立维护，输入下面指令查看所有的系统变量

set

或者

env

或者

printenv

2、下面的这些变量由shell设置，也就是是系统变量

System Variable	Meaning	To View Variable Value Type
BASH_VERSION	Holds the version of this instance of bash.	echo $BASH_VERSION
HOSTNAME	The name of the your computer.	echo $HOSTNAME
CDPATH	The search path for the cd command.	echo $CDPATH
HISTFILE	The name of the file in which command history is saved.	echo $HISTFILE
HISTFILESIZE	The maximum number of lines contained in the history file.	echo $HISTFILESIZE
HISTSIZE	The number of commands to remember in the command history. The default value is 500.	echo $HISTSIZE
HOME	The home directory of the current user.	echo $HOME
IFS	The Internal Field Separator that is used for word splitting after expansion and to split lines into words with the read builtin command. The default value is <space><tab><newline>.	echo $IFS
LANG	Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with LC_.	echo $LANG
PATH	The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for commands.	echo $PATH
PS1	Your prompt settings.	echo $PS1
TMOUT	The default timeout for the read builtin command. Also in an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the command. If not input provided it will logout user.	echo $TMOUT
TERM	Your login terminal type.	echo $TERM export TERM=vt100
SHELL	Set path to login shell.	echo $SHELL
DISPLAY	Set X display name	echo $DISPLAY export DISPLAY=:0.1
EDITOR	Set name of default text editor.	export EDITOR=/usr/bin/vim

3、如何获取一个变量的值,并打印

echo "$PATH"

4、printf命令和echo命令差不多

printf "$VARIABLE_NAME\n"
printf "String %s" $VARIABLE_NAME
printf "Signed Decimal Number %d" $VARIABLE_NAME
printf "Floating Point Number %f" $VARIABLE_NAME

5、创建一个变量并赋值，在脚本中非常常见，采用下面的指令

varName=someValue

然后通过echo或者printf打印出来变量的值

echo "$varName"
echo "${varName}"

pritnf "${varName}"
printf "%s\n"${varName}

去变量的值的时候，尽量带上{}，这样可以尽可能地避免二义性。

看到default shell variables value这块了。

https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Default_shell_variables_value