Arduino底层 Atmega2560寄存器操作

@Arduino底层 Atmega2560寄存器操作
#ATMEGA2560引脚图如下，100个引脚

引脚如下所示

Pin Number Pin Name Mapped Pin Name
1 PG5 ( OC0B ) Digital pin 4 (PWM)
2 PE0 ( RXD0/PCINT8 ) Digital pin 0 (RX0)
3 PE1 ( TXD0 ) Digital pin 1 (TX0)
4 PE2 ( XCK0/AIN0 )
5 PE3 ( OC3A/AIN1 ) Digital pin 5 (PWM)
6 PE4 ( OC3B/INT4 ) Digital pin 2 (PWM)
7 PE5 ( OC3C/INT5 ) Digital pin 3 (PWM)
8 PE6 ( T3/INT6 )
9 PE7 ( CLKO/ICP3/INT7 )
10 VCC VCC
11 GND GND
12 PH0 ( RXD2 ) Digital pin 17 (RX2)
13 PH1 ( TXD2 ) Digital pin 16 (TX2)
14 PH2 ( XCK2 )
15 PH3 ( OC4A ) Digital pin 6 (PWM)
16 PH4 ( OC4B ) Digital pin 7 (PWM)
17 PH5 ( OC4C ) Digital pin 8 (PWM)
18 PH6 ( OC2B ) Digital pin 9 (PWM)
19 PB0 ( SS/PCINT0 ) Digital pin 53 (SS)
20 PB1 ( SCK/PCINT1 ) Digital pin 52 (SCK)
21 PB2 ( MOSI/PCINT2 ) Digital pin 51 (MOSI)
22 PB3 ( MISO/PCINT3 ) Digital pin 50 (MISO)
23 PB4 ( OC2A/PCINT4 ) Digital pin 10 (PWM)
24 PB5 ( OC1A/PCINT5 ) Digital pin 11 (PWM)
25 PB6 ( OC1B/PCINT6 ) Digital pin 12 (PWM)
26 PB7 ( OC0A/OC1C/PCINT7 ) Digital pin 13 (PWM)
27 PH7 ( T4 )
28 PG3 ( TOSC2 )
29 PG4 ( TOSC1 )
30 RESET RESET
31 VCC VCC
32 GND GND
33 XTAL2 XTAL2
34 XTAL1 XTAL1
35 PL0 ( ICP4 ) Digital pin 49
36 PL1 ( ICP5 ) Digital pin 48
37 PL2 ( T5 ) Digital pin 47
38 PL3 ( OC5A ) Digital pin 46 (PWM)
39 PL4 ( OC5B ) Digital pin 45 (PWM)
40 PL5 ( OC5C ) Digital pin 44 (PWM)
41 PL6 Digital pin 43
42 PL7 Digital pin 42
43 PD0 ( SCL/INT0 ) Digital pin 21 (SCL)
44 PD1 ( SDA/INT1 ) Digital pin 20 (SDA)
45 PD2 ( RXDI/INT2 ) Digital pin 19 (RX1)
46 PD3 ( TXD1/INT3 ) Digital pin 18 (TX1)
47 PD4 ( ICP1 )
48 PD5 ( XCK1 )
49 PD6 ( T1 )
50 PD7 ( T0 ) Digital pin 38
51 PG0 ( WR ) Digital pin 41
52 PG1 ( RD ) Digital pin 40
53 PC0 ( A8 ) Digital pin 37
54 PC1 ( A9 ) Digital pin 36
55 PC2 ( A10 ) Digital pin 35
56 PC3 ( A11 ) Digital pin 34
57 PC4 ( A12 ) Digital pin 33
58 PC5 ( A13 ) Digital pin 32
59 PC6 ( A14 ) Digital pin 31
60 PC7 ( A15 ) Digital pin 30
61 VCC VCC
62 GND GND
63 PJ0 ( RXD3/PCINT9 ) Digital pin 15 (RX3)
64 PJ1 ( TXD3/PCINT10 ) Digital pin 14 (TX3)
65 PJ2 ( XCK3/PCINT11 )
66 PJ3 ( PCINT12 )
67 PJ4 ( PCINT13 )
68 PJ5 ( PCINT14 )
69 PJ6 ( PCINT 15 )
70 PG2 ( ALE ) Digital pin 39
71 PA7 ( AD7 ) Digital pin 29
72 PA6 ( AD6 ) Digital pin 28
73 PA5 ( AD5 ) Digital pin 27
74 PA4 ( AD4 ) Digital pin 26
75 PA3 ( AD3 ) Digital pin 25
76 PA2 ( AD2 ) Digital pin 24
77 PA1 ( AD1 ) Digital pin 23
78 PA0 ( AD0 ) Digital pin 22
79 PJ7
80 VCC VCC
81 GND GND
82 PK7 ( ADC15/PCINT23 ) Analog pin 15
83 PK6 ( ADC14/PCINT22 ) Analog pin 14
84 PK5 ( ADC13/PCINT21 ) Analog pin 13
85 PK4 ( ADC12/PCINT20 ) Analog pin 12
86 PK3 ( ADC11/PCINT19 ) Analog pin 11
87 PK2 ( ADC10/PCINT18 ) Analog pin 10
88 PK1 ( ADC9/PCINT17 ) Analog pin 9
89 PK0 ( ADC8/PCINT16 ) Analog pin 8
90 PF7 ( ADC7 ) Analog pin 7
91 PF6 ( ADC6 ) Analog pin 6
92 PF5 ( ADC5/TMS ) Analog pin 5
93 PF4 ( ADC4/TMK ) Analog pin 4
94 PF3 ( ADC3 ) Analog pin 3
95 PF2 ( ADC2 ) Analog pin 2
96 PF1 ( ADC1 ) Analog pin 1
97 PF0 ( ADC0 ) Analog pin 0
98 AREF Analog Reference
99 GND GND
100 AVCC VCC

寄存器操作

操作一个IO口主要用到3个寄存器，只要我们配置好这三个寄存器，就可以用AVR单片机的方式去从底层控制IO口（控制输出状态的寄存器PORTX，读取输入状态的寄存器PINX，配置IO口为输入或者输出状态的寄存器DDRX），下面我们详细介绍这三个寄存器。

1.DDRX寄存器—配置IO口为输入或输出方式

DDRX中的X代指A,B,C,D，例如PA0中的A，我们假设配置PA0为输出模式，则 DDRA=（0X01<<0），即令上图中的DDX0为高，X替换为A，同理，我们令PA1为输出模式，DDRA = (0X01<<1),如果令PA1与PA0同时为输出，则DDRA |= (0X01 << 0) | (0X01 << 1).
置零的时候为输入模式

2. PORTX寄存器—用于配置输出状态–当DDRX设置IO口为输出模式的时候，portx控制IO口输出高电平或者低电平。

还有一点刚才没提到，如PORTX寄存器，二进制0b0000 0000，八个0分别对应px7到px0的一位，但是我们在函数中用十六进制表示，即0x00 = 0b0000 0000， 0xff = 0b1111 1111

PORTX使用依旧简单，例如令PA1输出高电平 PORTA |= (0X01 << 1)，即令上面寄存器图px1 = 0。当然这前提就是先配置PA1的DDRX为输出状态

3.PINX寄存器—当IO口配置为输入模式时，用于读取输入的电平状态

自己看图，不详解释了

4.例程

void setup() {
   DDRC = 0xFF;    //  port C 输出
  PORTC|=0XFF;
  DDRB = 0x00;      //portB 输入
  PORTB=0XFF;
}

void loop() {
       if(PINB==0XFE)PORTC&= ~(1<<6);   //读取portB,满足条件则将PC6置低
}