Chapter01.introduction(Machine Learning)
文章目录
1 Welcome
1.1 Machine Learning
- Grew out of in AI
- New capbility for computer
1.2 example
- Database mining
Large datasets from growth of automation/web.
E.g., Autonomous helicopter, handwriting recogonition, most of Natural Language Processing(NLP), Computer Vision.
2 What is Machine Learning
2.1 Definition
What is Machine Learning?
- Machine Learning are offered. Arthur Samuel described it as: “the
field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without
being explicitly programmed.” This is an older, informal
definition. - Tom Mitchell provides a more modern definition: “A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance measure P, if its performance at tasks in T, as measured by P, improves with experience E.”
Example: playing checkers.
- E = the experience of playing many games of checkers
- T = the task of playing checkers.
- P = the probability that the program will win the next game.
2.2 Application
In general, any machine learning problem can be assigned to one of
two broad classifications:
- Supervised learning
- Unsupervised learning
3 Supervised Learning
In supervised learning, we are given a data set and already know what our correct output should look like, having the idea that there is a relationship between the input and the output.
Supervised learning problems are categorized into “regression” and “classification” problems.
- In a regression problem, we are trying to predict results within a continuous output=, meaning that we are trying to map input variables to some continuous function.
- In a classification problem, we are instead trying to predict results in a discrete output. In other words, we are trying to map input variables into discrete categories.
Example 1:
Given data about the size of houses on the real estate market, try to predict their price. Price as a function of size is a continuous output, so this is a regression problem.
We could turn this example into a classification problem by instead making our output about whether the house “sells for more or less than the asking price.” Here we are classifying the houses based on price into two discrete categories.
Example 2:
(a) Regression - Given a picture of a person, we have to predict their age on the basis of the given picture