Chaper 03 Linear Algebra Review

Chaper 03 Linear Algebra Review

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3.1 Matrices and Vectors矩阵和向量

Matrices are 2-dimensional arrays:
A vector is a matrix with one column and many rows:

矩阵Matrix：Rectangular array of numbers:

Dimension of matrix: number of rows x number of columns

矩阵元素 Matrix Elements(entries of matrix)

向量 Vector: An n X 1 matrix

Notation and terms:

• A_ij refers to the element in the i^th row and j^th column of
  matrix A.

• A vector with ‘n’ rows is referred to as an ‘n’-dimensional vector.

• v_i refers to the element in the i^th row of the vector.

• In general, all our vectors and matrices will be 1-indexed. Note that for some programming languages, the arrays are 0-indexed.

• Matrices are usually denoted by uppercase names while vectors are lowercase.

• “Scalar” means that an object is a single value, not a vector or matrix.

• R refers to the set of scalar real numbers.

• Rⁿ refers to the set of n-dimensional vectors of real numbers.

Run the cell below to get familiar with the commands in Octave/Matlab. Feel free to create matrices and vectors and try out different things.

% The ; denotes we are going back to a new row.
A = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9; 10, 11, 12]

% Initialize a vector 
v = [1;2;3] 

% Get the dimension of the matrix A where m = rows and n = columns
[m,n] = size(A)

% You could also store it this way
dim_A = size(A)

% Get the dimension of the vector v 
dim_v = size(v)

% Now let's index into the 2nd row 3rd column of matrix A
A_23 = A(2,3)