lua string库

函数                                              描述                                              示例                                               结果

len                                            计算字符串长度     string.len("abcd")    4

rep                               返回字符串s的n个拷贝      string.rep("abcd",2)                                     abcdabcd

lower                          返回字符串全部字母大写     string.lower("AbcD")                                   abcd

upper                 返回字符串全部字母小写     string.upper("AbcD")                                  ABCD

format               返回一个类似printf的格式化字符串

  string.format("the value is:%d",4)               thevalue is:4

sub            returns substring from index i to j ofs   

 string.sub("abcd",2)                                    bcd

string.sub("abcd",-2)                                   cd

string.sub("abcd",2,-2)                               bc

string.sub("abcd",2,3)                                 bc

find                    在字符串中查找                    string.find("cdcdcdcd","ab")                      nil

string.find("cdcdcdcd","cd")                      12

string.find("cdcdcdcd","cd",7)                  78

gsub                            在字符串中替换                   string.gsub("abcdabcd","a","z");   zbcdzbcd 2

string.gsub("aaaa","a","z",3);                          zzza 3

byte                   返回字符的整数形式             string.byte("ABCD",4)                                 68

char 将整型数字转成字符并连接  string.char(97,98,99,100)                          abcd

【基本模式串】

 

字符类                                                    描述                                              示例                                     结果

.                                                                任意字符                  string.find("",".")                                 nil

%s                                                            空白符                        string.find("abcd","%s%s")             3 4

%S                                                            非空白符                  string.find("abcd","%S%S")             1 2

%p                                                            标点字符                  string.find("ab,.cd","%p%p")           34

%P                                                            非标点字符              string.find("ab,.cd","%P%P")           12

%c                                                            控制字符                  string.find("abcd\t\n","%c%c")       5 6

%C                                                           非控制字符              string.find("\t\nabcd","%C%C")      3 4

%d                                                            数字                            string.find("abcd12","%d%d")         5 6

%D                                                           非数字                        string.find("12abcd","%D%D")        3 4

%x                                                            十六进制数字         string.find("efgh","%x%x")               12

%X                                                            非十六进制数字     string.find("efgh","%X%X")              34

%a                                                            字母                            string.find("AB12","%a%a")            12

%A                                                           非字母                        string.find("AB12","%A%A")            34

%l                                                             小写字母                  string.find("ABab","%l%l")               34

%L                                                            大写字母                  string.find("ABab","%L%L")             12

%u                                                            大写字母                  string.find("ABab","%u%u")            12

%U                                                           非大写字母              string.find("ABab","%U%U")           34

%w                                                           字母和数字              string.find("a1()","%w%w")             12

%W                                                          非字母非数字         string.find("a1()","%W%W")            34

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【转义字符%】

 

字符类                                          描述                                              示例                                            结果

%                                                     转义字符                            string.find("abc%..","%%")              44

string.find("abc..d","%.%.")             45

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【用[]创建字符集，"-"为连字符，"^"表示字符集的补集】

 

字符类                                 描述                                              示例                                                       结果

[01]                     匹配二进制数                            string.find("32123","[01]")                                  3 3

[AB][CD]           匹配AC、AD、BC、BD                   string.find("ABCDEF","[AB][CD]")                    2 3

[[]]                       匹配一对方括号[]                    string.find("ABC[]D","[[]]")                                  45

[1-3]                   匹配数字1-3                              string.find("312","[1-3][1-3][1-3]")                   13

[b-d]                    匹配字母b-d                              string.find("dbc","[b-d][b-d][b-d]")                    13

[^%s]                 匹配任意非空字符                  string.find("a ","[^%s]")                                      3 3

[^%d]                 匹配任意非数字字符              string.find("123a","[^%d]")                                 44

[^%a]                 匹配任意非字母字符              string.find("abc1","[^%a]")                                 44

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【用"()"进行捕获】

 

字符类                                 描述                                              示例                                                        结果

()                                   捕获字符串                       string.find("12ab","(%a%a)")                            34 ab

string.find("ab12","(%d%d)")                             3 4 12

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【模式修饰符】

 

修饰符                                 描述                                              示例                                                        结果

+                          表示1个或多个，匹配最多个     string.find("aaabbb","(a+b)")                   14 aaab

string.find("cccbbb","(a+b)")                     nil

-                           表示0个或多个，匹配最少个     string.find("zzxyyy","(xy-)")                        33 x

string.find("zzzyyy","(x-y)")                        44 y

*                          表示0个或多个，匹配最多个     string.find("mmmnnn","(m*n)")       1 4mmmb

string.find("lllnnn","(m*n)")                       44 n

?                          表示0个或1个                                 string.find("aaabbb","(a?b)")                    34 ab

string.find("cccbbb","(a?b)")                     44 b