python基础知识－－列表和元组

$\Large{\textbf{1.序列}}$
$\quad\quad$python中的序列包含6种，分别是列表，元组，字符串，Unicode字符串，buffer对象，xrange对象。
$1.1\large{通用序列操作}$
包括：索引（index），分片（slicing），加（adding），乘（multiplying），检查成员资格，计算序列长度，找出最大元素，最小元素。我们用列表来说明

$\color{red}{索引}.$可以从两个方向进行，其实位置是0，－1表示倒数第一个元素的位置。比如

In [9]: a=[1,2,3,4,5]

In [10]: a[0]
Out[10]: 1

In [11]: a[4]
Out[11]: 5

In [12]: a[-1]
Out[12]: 5

In [13]: a[-5]
Out[13]: 1

In [14]:data=[['Edward Gumby',42],['jon Simth',3]]

In [16]: data[1]
Out[16]: ['jon Simth', 3]

In [17]: data[1][1]
Out[17]: 3

In [18]: data[1][0]
Out[18]: 'jon Simth'

In [19]: data[1][0][0]
Out[19]: 'j'

$\color{red}{分片.}$使用分片来访问序列种的一定范围中的所有元素。number [a:b:c],c表示步长。可以想用正步长，不管负步长。

In [20]: number=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

In [21]: number[3:6]
Out[21]: [4, 5, 6]

In [22]: number[-3:]
Out[22]: [6, 7, 8]

In [23]: number[-3:-1]
Out[23]: [6, 7]

In [24]: number[:3]
Out[24]: [1, 2, 3]

In [25]: number[:]
Out[25]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

In [26]: number[1:-1]
Out[26]: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

number[0:10:1]
Out[27]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

number[0:7:1]
Out[28]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

number[0:7:2]
Out[29]: [1, 3, 5, 7]

number[0:6:2]
Out[30]: [1, 3, 5]

number[::2]
Out[31]: [1, 3, 5, 7]

number[8:3:-1]
Out[32]: [8, 7, 6, 5]

number[8:3:-2]
Out[33]: [8, 6]

number[8::-2]
Out[34]: [8, 6, 4, 2]

number[:4:-2]
Out[35]: [8, 6]

$\color{red}{相加.}$

In [36]: [1,2,3]+[4,5,6]
Out[36]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

In [37]: [1,2,3]+['abc']
Out[37]: [1, 2, 3, 'abc']

$\color{red}{数乘.}$

In [38]: [1,2,3]*5
Out[38]: [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

In [39]: 'abc'*5
Out[39]: 'abcabcabcabcabc'

$\color{red}{成员资格.}$

In [40]: a=[1,2,3]

In [41]: 1 in a
Out[41]: True

$\color{red}{长度，最小值，最大值}$

In [43]: st='abc'

In [44]: len(st)
Out[44]: 3

In [45]: max(st)
Out[45]: 'c'

In [46]: min(st)
Out[46]: 'a'

$1.2.\large{列表.}$将其他序列转换成列表的方式为list().
改变列表(真正改变)的方法：元素赋值，删除元素，分片赋值

In [47]: name=list('perl')

In [48]: name
Out[48]: ['p', 'e', 'r', 'l']

In [49]: name[0]='c'

In [50]: name
Out[50]: ['c', 'e', 'r', 'l']

In [51]: del name[1]

In [52]: name
Out[52]: ['c', 'r', 'l']

In [53]: name[2:]=list('vbn')

In [54]: name
Out[54]: ['c', 'r', 'v', 'b', 'n']

In [55]: name[1:2]=[]

In [56]: name
Out[56]: ['c', 'v', 'b', 'n']

$列表对象方式.$
$\color{red}{append}$

In [57]: lst=[1,2,3]

In [58]: lst.append(4)

In [59]: lst
Out[59]: [1, 2, 3, 4]

$\color{red}{count.}$统计某个元素出现的次数
$\color{red}{extend.}$在列表末尾一次性添加另一个序列的多个值

In [60]: a=[1,2,3]

In [61]: b=[4,5,6]

In [62]: a.extend(b)

In [63]: a
Out[63]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

$\color{red}{index.}$从列表中找到某个值第一个匹配的索引位置

In [64]: knights=['we','are','the','knight']

In [65]: knights.index('we')
Out[65]: 0

$\color{red}{insert.}$

In [66]: number=[1,2,3,4,5,6]

In [67]: number.insert(4,'g')

In [68]: number
Out[68]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 'g', 5, 6]

$\color{red}{pop.}$

In [69]: x=[1,2,3]

In [70]: x.pop()
Out[70]: 3

In [71]: x
Out[71]: [1, 2]

In [72]: x.pop(0)
Out[72]: 1

In [73]: x
Out[73]: [2]

$\color{red}{remove .}$移除指定的元素

In [74]: x=[1,2,3]

In [75]: x.remove(2)

In [76]: x
Out[76]: [1, 3]

$\color{red}{reverse.}$将列表中的元素反向存放

In [77]: x=[1,2,3]

In [78]: x.reverse()

In [79]: x
Out[79]: [3, 2, 1]

$\color{red}{sort.}$

In [80]: x=[4,6,2,1,7,9]

In [81]: x.sort()

In [82]: x
Out[82]: [1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9]

$\color{red}{高级排序.}$sort参数key和reverse

In [83]: x=['aardvark','abalone','cvb','edf','cvbd']

In [84]: x.sort(key=len)

In [85]: x
Out[85]: ['cvb', 'edf', 'cvbd', 'abalone', 'aardvark']

In [87]: x.sort(reverse=True)

In [88]: x
Out[88]: ['edf', 'cvbd', 'cvb', 'abalone', 'aardvark']

$1.3.元组。将其它序列转变成元组的方式为tuple。元组中的元素不可改变，所以就没有列表那样的改变方法。