虽然小标题很多,但里面的内容不多,慢慢看!
一、背景简介
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191205201705544.png)
考虑这样一个问题:已知圆 O \small O O 内一点 M 0 , O M 0 = ρ 0 \small M_0,\, OM_0=\rho_0 M0,OM0=ρ0,求射线 O M 0 \small OM_0 OM0 上一点 M 1 \small M_1 M1,使得对于圆周上任一点 P \small P P,都有 P M 0 / P M 1 \small PM_0/PM_1 PM0/PM1 为常数.
二、求解思路
“听起来不可思议,去做做才知道有没有可能”.
设 O P \small OP OP 与极轴的夹角为 θ , O M 1 = d \small \theta,\; OM_1=d θ,OM1=d,则 P M 0 2 = R 2 + ρ 0 2 − 2 R ρ 0 c o s θ PM_0^2=R^2+\rho_0^2-2R\rho_0cos\theta PM02=R2+ρ02−2Rρ0cosθ P M 1 2 = R 2 + d 2 − 2 R d c o s θ PM_1^2=R^2+d^2-2Rdcos\theta PM12=R2+d2−2Rdcosθ记 g ( θ ) = P M 0 2 P M 1 2 = R 2 + ρ 0 2 − 2 R ρ 0 c o s θ R 2 + d 2 − 2 R d c o s θ g(\theta)=\frac{PM_0^2}{PM_1^2}=\frac{R^2+\rho_0^2-2R\rho_0cos\theta}{R^2+d^2-2Rdcos\theta} g(θ)=PM12PM02=R2+d2−2RdcosθR2+ρ02−2Rρ0cosθ根据题意, g ( θ ) \small g(\theta) g(θ) 的值应与 P \small P P 的位置无关,即 d g ( θ ) d θ = 0 \frac{dg(\theta)}{d\theta}=0 dθdg(θ)=0 d g ( θ ) d θ = 2 R ρ 0 s i n θ P M 1 4 ( d 2 − R 2 + ρ 0 2 ρ 0 d + R 2 ) = 0 \frac{dg(\theta)}{d\theta}=\frac{2R\rho_0sin\theta}{PM_1^4}(d^2-\frac{R^2+\rho_0^2}{\rho_0}d+R^2)=0 dθdg(θ)=PM142Rρ0sinθ(d2−ρ0R2+ρ02d+R2)=0则 d 2 − R 2 + ρ 0 2 ρ 0 d + R 2 = 0 d^2-\frac{R^2+\rho_0^2}{\rho_0}d+R^2=0 d2−ρ0R2+ρ02d+R2=0解得 d = R 2 ρ