活力 JAVA 旅行三

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 07:00:00 发布

zhy21

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 07:00:00 发布

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分类专栏：活力 JAVA 旅行文章标签： java constructor string table class jvm

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhy21/article/details/307855

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初始化和清理:

创建对象不但要分配内存而且还要调用构造函数.构造函数的参数是一种能让你对象的初始化提供参数的方法.

this

通常情况下表示"当前对象"或者"这个对象".只能用于方法内部,负责返回调用这个方法的对象的引用.

public class Flower {
    int petalCount = 0;
String s = new String("null");
Flower(int petals) {
    petalCount = petals;
    System.out.println(
      "Constructor w/ int arg only, petalCount= "
      + petalCount);
}
Flower(String ss) {
    System.out.println(
      "Constructor w/ String arg only, s=" + ss);
    s = ss;
}
Flower(String s, int petals) {
    this(petals);
    this.s = s;

    System.out.println("String & int args");
}
Flower() {
    this("hi", 47);
    System.out.println("default constructor (no args)");
}
void print() {
    System.out.println(
      "petalCount = " + petalCount + " s = "+ s);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
    Flower x = new Flower();
    x.print();

}
}

初始化的顺序是由各变量在类的定义里面的顺序所决定的.变量的定义可能会分散在类定义的各个地方,并且与方法的定义相互交错,但变量的初始化会先于任何方法,甚至是构造函数.

静态数据的初始化:

class Bowl {
Bowl(int marker) {
    System.out.println("Bowl(" + marker + ")");
}
void f(int marker) {
    System.out.println("f(" + marker + ")");
}
}
class Table {
static Bowl b1 = new Bowl(1);
Table() {
    System.out.println("Table()");
    b2.f(1);
}
void f2(int marker) {
    System.out.println("f2(" + marker + ")");
}
static Bowl b2 = new Bowl(2);
}
class Cupboard {
Bowl b3 = new Bowl(3);
static Bowl b4 = new Bowl(4);
Cupboard() {
    System.out.println("Cupboard()");
    b4.f(2);
}
void f3(int marker) {
    System.out.println("f3(" + marker + ")");
}
static Bowl b5 = new Bowl(5);
}
public class StaticInitialization {
static Test monitor = new Test();
   static Table t2 = new Table();
   static Cupboard t3 = new Cupboard();
   public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
    new Cupboard();
    System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
    new Cupboard();
    t2.f2(1);
    t3.f3(1);
    monitor.expect(new String[] {
      "Bowl(1)",
      "Bowl(2)",
      "Table()",
      "f(1)",
      "Bowl(4)",
      "Bowl(5)",
      "Bowl(3)",
      "Cupboard()",
      "f(2)",
      "Creating new Cupboard() in main",
      "Bowl(3)",
      "Cupboard()",
      "f(2)",
      "Creating new Cupboard() in main",
      "Bowl(3)",
      "Cupboard()",
      "f(2)",
      "f2(1)",
      "f3(1)"
    });
}
}
static成员只会在需要的时候进行初始化.如果static成员尚未初始化的化,初始化会先处理其static成员,再处理非static的对象.
清理:finalization和垃圾回收

JAVA中的垃圾回收只知道释放new出来的内存.

JAVA中：1.对象不一定会被垃圾回收器回收2.垃圾回收不是析构3.垃圾回收只与内存有关.

只要JVM还没到快要耗尽内存的底部,它是不会浪费时间来回收垃圾以恢复内存.