【笔记】【LINQ编程技术内幕】第十九章 比较LINQ to XML 与其他XML技术

XPath （XML路径语言，XML Path Language）是一种表达式语言，用于从XML文档中选择节点。XSLT（扩展样式表转换语言，Extension Stylesheet Language Transformation）是一种声明性语言，用于将XML文档从一种形式转换为另一种形式。比如说，XSLT可以将XML文档转换成HTML文档。

比较LINQ to XML 和 XPath

原生XML文档

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Blackjack>
  <Player Name="Player 1">
    <Statistics>
      <AverageAmountLost>-28.125</AverageAmountLost>
      <AverageAmountWon>30.681818181818183</AverageAmountWon>
      <Blackjacks>1</Blackjacks>
      <Losses>8</Losses>44
      <NetAverageWinLoss>5.9210526315789478</NetAverageWinLoss>
      <NetWinLoss>112.5</NetWinLoss>
      <PercentageOfBlackJacks>0.041666666666666664</PercentageOfBlackJacks>
      <PercentageOfLosses>33.333333333333329</PercentageOfLosses>
      <PercentageOfPushes>16.666666666666664</PercentageOfPushes>
      <PercentageOfWins>45.833333333333329</PercentageOfWins>
      <Pushes>4</Pushes>
      <Surrenders>1</Surrenders>
      <TotalAmountLost>-225</TotalAmountLost>
      <TotalAmountWon>337.5</TotalAmountWon>
      <Wins>11</Wins>
    </Statistics>
  </Player>
</Blackjack>

使用命名空间

XML文档支持命名空间。如果将下面这个命名空间添加到上面的XML文档中，那么再使用LINQ to XML 查询或是XPath查询中就必须也加上命名空间。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<jack:Blackjack xmlns:jack="http://www.blackjack.com">
  <jack:Player Name="Player 1">
    <jack:Statistics>
      <jack:AverageAmountLost>-28.125</jack:AverageAmountLost>
      <jack:AverageAmountWon>30.681818181818183</jack:AverageAmountWon>
      <jack:Blackjacks>1</jack:Blackjacks>
      <jack:Losses>8</jack:Losses>
      <jack:NetAverageWinLoss>5.9210526315789478</jack:NetAverageWinLoss>
      <jack:NetWinLoss>112.5</jack:NetWinLoss>
      <jack:PercentageOfBlackJacks>0.041666666666666664</jack:PercentageOfBlackJacks>
      <jack:PercentageOfLosses>33.333333333333329</jack:PercentageOfLosses>
      <jack:PercentageOfPushes>16.666666666666664</jack:PercentageOfPushes>
      <jack:PercentageOfWins>45.833333333333329</jack:PercentageOfWins>
      <jack:Pushes>4</jack:Pushes>
      <jack:Surrenders>1</jack:Surrenders>
      <jack:TotalAmountLost>-225</jack:TotalAmountLost>
      <jack:TotalAmountWon>337.5</jack:TotalAmountWon>
      <jack:Wins>11</jack:Wins>
    </jack:Statistics>
  </jack:Player>
</jack:Blackjack>

使用LINQ to XML 和 XPath实现相同功能

private static void UseNamespace()
{
	const string filename = "..\\..\\CurrentStatsWithNamespace.xml";
	XDocument doc = XDocument.Load(filename);
	XNamespace jack = "http://www.blackjack.com";

	XElement winLoss1 = doc.Element(jack + "Blackjack").Element(jack + "Player").Element(jack + "Statistics").Element(jack + "NetWinLoss");

	Console.WriteLine(winLoss1);
	Console.ReadLine();

	// 根据文件名创建XmlReader
	XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(filename);
	// 获取根元素
	XElement root = XElement.Load(reader);
	// NameTable是System.Xml.Nametable类的是一个实例，好友XML文档的元素和属性的原子化名称
	XmlNameTable table = reader.NameTable;
	// 增加名称空间
	XmlNamespaceManager manager = new XmlNamespaceManager(table);
	manager.AddNamespace("jack", "http://www.blackjack.com");

	XElement winLoss2 =
	  doc.XPathSelectElement("./jack:Blackjack/jack:Player/jack:Statistics/jack:NetWinLoss",
	  manager);
	Console.WriteLine(winLoss2);
	Console.ReadLine();
}

查找子元素

private static void FindChild()
{
	const string filename = "..\\..\\CurrentStats.xml";
	XElement xml = XElement.Load(filename);
	XElement child1 = xml.Element("Player").Element("Statistics").Element("AverageAmountLost");
	Console.WriteLine(child1);
	Console.ReadLine();

	// XPath expression using System.Xml.Linq capabilities
	XElement child2 = xml.XPathSelectElement("Player/Statistics/AverageAmountLost");
	Console.WriteLine(child2);
	Console.ReadLine();
}

查找兄弟元素

private static void FindSibling()
{
	const string filename = "..\\..\\CurrentStats.xml";
	XElement xml = XElement.Load(filename);
	XElement child1 = xml.Element("Player").Element("Statistics").Element("AverageAmountWon");
	XElement sibling1 = child1.ElementsAfterSelf().First();
	Console.WriteLine(sibling1);
	Console.ReadLine();

	XElement child2 = xml.XPathSelectElement("Player/Statistics/AverageAmountWon");
	XElement sibling2 = child2.XPathSelectElement("following-sibling::*");
	Console.WriteLine(sibling2);
	Console.ReadLine();
}

过滤元素

private static void FilterOnAttribute()
{
	const string filename = "..\\..\\CurrentStats.xml";
	XElement xml = XElement.Load(filename);

	XElement player1 =
	  (from elem in xml.Elements("Player")
	   where elem.Attribute("Name").Value == "Player 1"
	   select elem).First();

	Console.WriteLine(player1);

	XElement player2 = xml.XPathSelectElement("Player[@Name='Player 1']");
	Console.WriteLine(player2);
	Console.ReadLine();
}

比较LINQ to XML 转换和 XSLT

完整XSL样式表文档，当将其应用到前面使用的XML文档上时，就会转换成HTML文档。

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
  <xsl:template match="/">
    <html>
      <head>
        <style type="text/css">
          table
          {
            cellspacing: 0;
            cellpadding: 0;
            border-top: "1 solid #000000";
            border-bottom: "1 solid #000000";
            border-right: "1 solid #000000";
            border-left: "1 solid #000000";
          }
          td.Header
          {
            background-color: "#000111";
            color: "#FFFFFF";
            border: "1 solid #000000";
          }
          td.Name
          {
            background-color: "silver";
            border: "1 solid #000000";
          }
          td.Data
          {
            text-align: right;
            width: 100px;
            border-bottom: "1 solid #000000";
          }
        </style>
      </head>
      <body>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
          <xsl:for-each select="Blackjack/Player/Statistics">
            <tr>
              <td class="Header">Name</td>
              <td class="Header">Value</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Average Amount Lost:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select='format-number(AverageAmountLost, "#.000")' />
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name">
                Average Amount Won:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select='format-number(AverageAmountWon, "#.000")'/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name">
                Losses:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select="Losses"/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Blackjacks:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select="Blackjacks"/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Net Average Win Loss:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select='format-number(NetAverageWinLoss, "0.000")'/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Net Win Loss: 
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select="NetWinLoss"/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Percentage of Blackjacks:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select='format-number(PercentageOfBlackJacks, "0.000%")'/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Percentage of Losses:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select='format-number(PercentageOfLosses div 100, "0.000%")' />
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Percentage of Pushes:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select='format-number(PercentageOfPushes div 100, "0.000%")'/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Percentage of Wins:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select='format-number(PercentageOfWins div 100, "0.000%")'/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Pushes:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select="Pushes"/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Pushes:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select="Pushes"/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Surrenders:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select="Surrenders"/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Total Amount Won or Lost:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select="TotalAmountLost"/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Total Amount Won:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select="TotalAmountWon"/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td class="Name"> 
                Wins:
              </td>
              <td class="Data">
                <strong>
                  <xsl:value-of select="Wins"/>
                </strong>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </xsl:for-each>
        </table>
      </body>
    </html>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>