文章目录
1 概述
在使用rust进行torch模型部署时，不可避免地会用到tch-rs。但是tch-rs的文档太过简洁，和没有一样，网上的资料也少得可怜，很多操作需要我们自己去试。这些内容虽然简单，但是自己找起来很费时间。
这篇文章总结了如何使用tch-rs进行tensor的基本操作。讲述的内容参考了pytorch的tensor教程。
运行环境：
[dependencies]
tch = "0.7.0"
opencv = "0.63"
2 Tensor的基本操作
用到的库
use std::iter;
use opencv::prelude::*;
use opencv::core::{Mat, Scalar};
use opencv::core::{CV_8UC3};
use tch::IndexOp;
use tch::{Device, Tensor};
2.1 Tensor的初始化
（1）通过数组创建
let t = Tensor::of_slice::<i32>(&[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
t.print();
// vector也是一样的
let v = vec![1,2,3];
let t = Tensor::of_slice::<i32>(&v);
t.print();
// 2d vector
let v = vec![[1.5,2.0,3.9,4.4], [3.1,4.3,5.1,6.9]];
let v:Vec<f32> = v
.iter()
.flat_map(|array| array.iter())
.cloned()
.collect();
let data = unsafe{
std::slice::from_raw_parts(v.as_ptr() as *const u8, v.len() * std::mem::size_of::<f32>())
};
let t = Tensor::of_data_size(data, &[2,4], tch::Kind::Float);
t.print();
print的结果是
1
2
3
4
5
[ CPUIntType{5} ]
1
2
3
[ CPUIntType{3} ]
1.5000 2.0000 3.9000 4.4000
3.1000 4.3000 5.1000 6.9000
[ CPUFloatType{2,4} ]
（2）通过默认方法创建
let t = Tensor::randn(&[2, 3], (tch::Kind::Float, Device::Cpu));
t.print();
let t = Tensor::ones(&[2, 3], (tch::Kind::Float, Device::Cpu));
t.print();
let t = Tensor::zeros(&[2, 3], (tch::Kind::Float, Device::Cpu));
t.print();
let t = Tensor::arange_start(0, 2 * 3, (tch::Kind::Float, Device::Cpu)).view([2, 3]);
t.print();
print的结果是
1.0522 0.6981 0.9236
0.2324 -1.1048 -2.5820
[ CPUFloatType{2,3} ]
1 1 1
1 1 1
[ CPUFloatType{2,3} ]
0 0 0
0 0 0
[ CPUFloatType{2,3} ]
0 1 2
3 4 5
[ CPUFloatType{2,3} ]
（3）通过其他的tensor创建
let t = Tensor::randn(&[2, 3], (tch::Kind::Float, Device::Cpu));
let t = t.rand_like();
t.print();
print的结果是
0.3376 0.1885 0.3415
0.5135 0.8321 0.4140
[ CPUFloatType{2,3} ]
（4）通过opencv::core::Mat创建
这可以用在opencv读取图像后，转为torch tensor。当然tch-rs本身也有各种读取图片的方式，可见tch::vision::image。这里介绍两种方法，一种通过tch::Tensor::f_of_blob，一种通过tch::Tensor::of_data_size。
// 创建一个(row, col, channel)=(2, 3, 3)=(height, width, channel)的Mat
let mat = Mat::new_rows_cols_with_default(
2, 3, CV_8UC3, Scalar::from((3.0, 2.0, 1.0))
).unwrap();
// 获取mat的size，这里的结果是[2, 3, 3]
let size: Vec<_> = mat.mat_size().iter().cloned().map(|dim| dim as i64).chain(iter::once(mat.channels() as i64)).collect();
// 获取每个dimension的stride，这里的结果是[9, 3, 1]
let strides = {
let mut strides: Vec<_> = size
.iter()
.rev()
.cloned()
.scan(1, |prev, dim| {
let stride = *prev;
*prev *= dim;
Some(stride)
})
.collect();
strides.reverse();
strides
};
// 构建tensor
let t = unsafe {
let ptr = mat.ptr(0).unwrap() as *const u8;
tch::Tensor::f_of_blob(ptr, &size, &strides, tch::Kind::Uint8, tch::Device::Cpu).unwrap()
};
t.print();
print的结果是
(1,.,.) =
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
(2,.,.) =
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
[ CPUByteType{2,3,3} ]
还有一种比较简洁的转换方法
let mut mat = Mat::new_rows_cols_with_default(
2, 3, CV_8UC3, Scalar::from((3.0, 2.0, 1.0))
).unwrap();
let h = mat.size().unwrap().height;
let w = mat.size().unwrap().width;
let data = mat.data_bytes_mut().unwrap();
let t = tch::Tensor::of_data_size(data, &[h as i64, w as i64, 3], tch::Kind::Uint8);
t.print();
print的结果也是
(1,.,.) =
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
(2,.,.) =
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
[ CPUByteType{2,3,3} ]
test tensor_ops::init_ops ... ok
2.2 Tensor的属性
用tch::Tensor的print()方法可打印出数据的所有属性，但是想要获取到这些属性，需要用其他的方法。
let t = Tensor::randn(&[2, 3], (tch::Kind::Float, Device::Cpu));
println!("size of the tensor: {:?}", t.size());
println!("kind of the tensor: {:?}", t.kind());
println!("device on which the tensor is located: {:?}", t.device());
打印的结果是
size of the tensor: [2, 3]
kind of the tensor: Float
device on which the tensor is located: Cpu
2.3 Tensor的运算
（1）改变device
.to()和.to_device()这两个方法都可以。
let mut t = Tensor::randn(&[2, 3], (tch::Kind::Float, Device::Cpu));
if tch::Cuda::is_available(){
t = t.to(Device::Cuda(0));
println!("change device to {:?}", t.device());
}
t = t.to_device(Device::Cpu);
println!("change device to {:?}", t.device());
如果是有cuda，且安装了cuda版本的tch-rs的话，就会打印出
change device to Cuda(0)
change device to Cpu
（2）获取值(indexing and slicing)
这个在tch-rs的例子中有很多，详见tests/tensor_indexing.rs。这里列几种常用的。
通过.i()进行索引
let tensor = Tensor::arange_start(0, 2 * 3, (tch::Kind::Float, Device::Cpu)).view([2, 3]);
println!("original tensor:");
tensor.print();
println!("tensor.i(0):");
tensor.i(0).print();
println!("tensor.i((1, 1)):");
tensor.i((1, 1)).print();
println!("tensor.i((.., 2)):");
tensor.i((.., 2)).print();
println!("tensor.i((.., -1)):");
tensor.i((.., -1)).print();
println!("tensor.i((.., [2, 0])):");
let index: &[_] = &[2, 0];
tensor.i((.., index)).print();
打印的结果是
original tensor:
0 1 2
3 4 5
[ CPUFloatType{2,3} ]
tensor.i(0):
0
1
2
[ CPUFloatType{3} ]
tensor.i((1, 1)):
4
[ CPUFloatType{} ]
tensor.i((.., 2)):
2
5
[ CPUFloatType{2} ]
tensor.i((.., -1)):
2
5
[ CPUFloatType{2} ]
tensor.i((.., [2, 0])):
2 0
5 3
[ CPUFloatType{2,2} ]
通过.index()进行索引
let tensor = Tensor::arange(6, (tch::Kind::Int64, Device::Cpu)).view((2, 3));
println!("original tensor:");
tensor.print();
let rows_select = Tensor::of_slice(&[0i64, 1, 0]);
let column_select = Tensor::of_slice(&[1i64, 2, 2]);
let selected = tensor.index(&[Some(rows_select), Some(column_select)]);
println!("selecte by row and column:");
selected.print();
打印的结果是
original tensor:
0 1 2
3 4 5
[ CPULongType{2,3} ]
selecte by row and column:
1
5
2
[ CPULongType{3} ]
（3）合并tensors
Tensor::f_cat不会生成新的axis，而Tensor::stack会生成新的axis。
let t1 = Tensor::arange(6, (tch::Kind::Int64, Device::Cpu)).view((2, 3));
let t2 = Tensor::arange_start(6, 12, (tch::Kind::Int64, Device::Cpu)).view((2, 3));
let tensor = Tensor::f_cat(&[t1.copy(), t2.copy()], 1).unwrap();
println!("using Tensor::f_cat");
tensor.print();
let tensor = Tensor::stack(&[t1.copy(), t2.copy()], 1);
println!("using Tensor::stack");
tensor.print();
打印的结果是
using Tensor::f_cat
0 1 2 6 7 8
3 4 5 9 10 11
[ CPULongType{2,6} ]
using Tensor::stack
(1,.,.) =
0 1 2
6 7 8
(2,.,.) =
3 4 5
9 10 11
[ CPULongType{2,2,3} ]
（4）四则运算
tch-rs对[+, -, *, /]都进行了重载，可以实现和标量的直接运算。涉及到dim的复杂运算可以用tensor来处理。下面以加法为例，其他与f_add对应的分别是f_sub，f_mul和f_div。
let tensor = Tensor::ones(&[2, 4, 3], (tch::Kind::Float, Device::Cpu));
tensor.print();
// add with scalar
let add_tensor = &tensor + 0.5;
add_tensor.print();
// add with tensor
let add_tensor = Tensor::of_slice::<f32>(&[1.0,2.0,3.0]).view((1,1,3));
let add_tensor = &tensor.f_add(&add_tensor).unwrap();
add_tensor.print();
打印的结果为
original tensor:
(1,.,.) =
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
(2,.,.) =
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
[ CPUFloatType{2,4,3} ]
add with scalar:
(1,.,.) =
1.5000 1.5000 1.5000
1.5000 1.5000 1.5000
1.5000 1.5000 1.5000
1.5000 1.5000 1.5000
(2,.,.) =
1.5000 1.5000 1.5000
1.5000 1.5000 1.5000
1.5000 1.5000 1.5000
1.5000 1.5000 1.5000
[ CPUFloatType{2,4,3} ]
add with tensor:
(1,.,.) =
2 3 4
2 3 4
2 3 4
2 3 4
(2,.,.) =
2 3 4
2 3 4
2 3 4
2 3 4
[ CPUFloatType{2,4,3} ]
参考资料
[1] https://github.com/LaurentMazare/tch-rs
[2] https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/basics/tensorqs_tutorial.html#
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