【HALCON工业机器视觉基础教程】第八章 图像特征与提取

1. 边缘特征

边缘检测–公路标线检测

* 检测公路标线
read_image (Image, 'C:/Users/Public/Documents/MVTec/HALCON-20.11-Progress/examples/images/autobahn/scene_00.png')

* 原图中划出检测区域
gen_rectangle1 (Rectangle, 130, 0, 512, 512)
reduce_domain (Image, Rectangle, ImageReduced)

* 边缘检测
sobel_amp(ImageReduced, EdgeAmplitude, 'sum_abs', 3)

* 提取边缘线
threshold(EdgeAmplitude, Region, 20, 255)

* 膨胀
dilation_rectangle1(Region, RegionDilation, 30, 30)

* 获取含有公路标线图
reduce_domain (Image,RegionDilation, ImageReduced1)

* 提取公路标线
threshold(ImageReduced1, Region1, 190, 255)

fill_up(Region1, RegionFillUp)

2. 区域特征

检测六角螺帽

* 检测六角螺帽
read_image (Image, 'C:/Users/Public/Documents/MVTec/HALCON-20.11-Progress/examples/images/rings_and_nuts.png')

threshold (Image, Region, 0, 180)

connection (Region, ConnectedRegions)

fill_up (ConnectedRegions, RegionFillUp)

select_shape (RegionFillUp, SelectedRegions, 'area', 'and', 2022, 99999)

select_shape (SelectedRegions, SelectedRegions1, 'num_sides', 'or', 5, 10)

3. 纹理特征

分水岭阈值分割

read_image (Image, 'C:/Users/Public/Documents/MVTec/HALCON-20.11-Progress/examples/images/lcd/mura_defects_texture_01.png')

dev_set_draw ('margin')

dev_set_line_width (3)

dev_set_color ('red')

decompose3 (Image, R, G, B)

median_image (R, ImageMedian, 'circle', 9, 'mirrored')

watersheds_threshold (ImageMedian, Basins, 10)

cooc_feature_image (Basins, ImageMedian, 6, 0, Energy, Correlation, Homogeneity, Contrast)

tuple_find (sgn(Energy - 0.15), -1, Indices)

dev_display (Image)

select_obj (Basins, ObjectSelected, Indices + 1)

4. 角点特征

read_image (Image, 'C:/Users/Public/Documents/MVTec/HALCON-20.11-Progress/examples/images/can_with_grid.png')

dev_set_color ('red')

P := []

points_harris (Image, 0.7, 2, 0.08, 1000, Row, Column)

gen_cross_contour_xld (Cross, Row, Column, 6, 0.785398)

n0 := |Row|

P := [P,n0]

5. 亚像素边缘特征

提取圆

read_image (Image, 'C:/Users/Public/Documents/MVTec/HALCON-20.11-Progress/examples/images/rim.png')

get_image_size (Image, Width, Height)

dev_open_window (0, 0, Width, Height, 'black', WindowHandle)

dev_display (Image)

* 设置字体
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 14, 'mono', 'false', 'false')

* 提取亚像素轮廓
edges_sub_pix (Image, Edges, 'canny', 4, 20, 40)

* 筛选圆
select_shape_xld (Edges, SelectedXLD, 'circularity', 'and', 0.7, 1.0) 
* 根据轮廓位置排序
sort_contours_xld (SelectedXLD, SortedContours, 'upper_left', 'true', 'row')

smallest_circle_xld (SortedContours, Row, Column, Radius)

count_obj (SortedContours, Number)

dev_set_color ('yellow')

for i := 1 to Number by 1
    select_obj (SortedContours, ObjectSelected, i)
    dev_display (Image)
    dev_display (ObjectSelected)
    distance_pc (ObjectSelected, Row[i-1], Column[i-1], DistanceMin,DistanceMax)
stop()
endfor

6. 图像的颜色特征

RGB

提取PCB焊盘

1. 获取灰度图
2. 根据灰度阈值提取

read_image (Image, 'C:/Users/Public/Documents/MVTec/HALCON-20.11-Progress/examples/images/pcb_color.png')

decompose3 (Image, R, G, B)

threshold (R, Region, 98, 255)

closing_circle (Region, RegionClosing, 3.5)

connection (RegionClosing, ConnectedRegions)

select_shape (ConnectedRegions, SelectedRegions, 'area', 'and', 62, 99999)

union1 (SelectedRegions, RegionUnion)

reduce_domain (Image, RegionUnion, ImageReduced)

HIS/HSV

统计颜色数量

read_image (Image, 'C:/Users/Public/Documents/MVTec/HALCON-20.11-Progress/examples/images/color/color_pieces_02.png')

decompose3 (Image, R, G, B)

trans_from_rgb (R, G, B, H, S, V, 'hsv')

* BLUE
threshold (R, Region, 0, 120)

connection (Region, ConnectedRegions)

select_shape (ConnectedRegions, SelectedRegions, 'area', 'and', 2000, 99999)

count_obj (SelectedRegions, BLUE_Number)

* YELLOW
threshold (G, Region, 200, 255)

connection (Region, ConnectedRegions)

count_obj (ConnectedRegions, YELLOW_Number)

* RED
threshold (H, Region, 240, 255)

connection (Region, ConnectedRegions)

select_shape (ConnectedRegions, SelectedRegions, 'area', 'and', 1000, 99999)

count_obj (SelectedRegions, RED_Number)

总结：总结文档