Using SQLite in C++ with Code::blocks

What you will need:
-Basic C++ and SQL knowledge
-SQLite (Download)

Introduction
SQLite is an embedded SQL database engine. Unlike most other SQL databases, SQLite does not have a separate server process, but instead reads and writes directly to ordinary disk files. This makes SQLite an easy and good solution to store data for your application.

Opening a database
The first thing you need to do, is open a database. If the database does not exist yet, it will be created.

1	sqlite3 *database;

2	sqlite3_open("Database.sqlite", &database);

The first argument is the filename, the second is the sqlite3 database handle.
If everything goes right,  SQLITE_OK is returned.

Query's
Once the database is opened, you can actually start doing something. The following code shows how:

01	sqlite3_stmt *statement;

02

03	if(sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, "CREATE TABLE a (b INTEGER, c INTEGER);", -1, &statement, 0) == SQLITE_OK)

04

{

05	int cols = sqlite3_column_count(statement);

06	int result = 0;

07	while(true)

08

{

09	result = sqlite3_step(statement);

10

11	if(result == SQLITE_ROW)

12

{

13	for(int col = 0; col < cols; col++)

14

{

15	string s = (char*)sqlite3_column_text(statement, col);

16	//do something with it

17

}

18

}

19

else

20

{

21

break;

22

}

23

}

24

25	sqlite3_finalize(statement);

26

}

The first thing you have to do is prepare the statement using  sqlite3_prepare_v2(), if everything goes right,  SQLITE_OK will be returned.
Then we actually have to execute the statement using  sqlite3_step(). This function will return a value which we will need to determine our next action.
If the query is not supposed to return anything, like with  CREATE TABLE and  INSERT, we just have to finalize the statement using  sqlite3_finalize() to avoid a memory leak. If the query returns colums of data, like with  SELECT, the function will return  SQLITE_ROW. If that happens, we will need read the data.
First we will need to know the amount of columns it has returned. We can do this using sqlite3_column_count(). Then all we have to do is request the columns using sqlite3_column_text().

Closing the database
Now all we have to do is close the database, so the data is saved.

1	sqlite3_close(database);

Examples

I have written the following class to make it some simpler:

#include "Database.h"
#include <iostream>

Database::Database(char* filename)
{  database = NULL;
   open(filename);
}

Database::~Database()
{
}

bool Database::open(char* filename)
{  if(sqlite3_open(filename, &database) == SQLITE_OK)
      return true;

   return false;
}

vector<vector<string> > Database::query(char* query)
{  sqlite3_stmt *statement;
   vector<vector<string> > results;

   if(sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, query, -1, &statement, 0) == SQLITE_OK)
   {  int cols = sqlite3_column_count(statement);
      int result = 0;
      while(true)
      {  result = sqlite3_step(statement);

         if(result == SQLITE_ROW)
         {  vector<string> values;
            for(int col = 0; col < cols; col++)
            {  std::string  val;
               char * ptr = (char*)sqlite3_column_text(statement, col);

               if(ptr)
               {  val = ptr;
               }
               else val = ""; // this can be commented out since std::string  val;
               // initialize variable 'val' to empty string anyway

               values.push_back(val);  // now we will never push NULL
            }
            results.push_back(values);
         }
         else
         {  break;
         }
      }

      sqlite3_finalize(statement);
   }

   string error = sqlite3_errmsg(database);
   if(error != "not an error") cout << query << " " << error << endl;

   return results;
}

void Database::close()
{  sqlite3_close(database);
}

Header:

view source

print ?

01	#ifndef __DATABASE_H__

02	#define __DATABASE_H__

03

04	#include <string>

05	#include <vector>

06	#include <sqlite3.h>

07

08	using namespace std;

09

10	class Database

11

{

12

public:

13	Database(char* filename);

14	~Database();

15

16	bool open(char* filename);

17	vector<vector<string> > query(char* query);

18	void close();

19

20

private:

21	sqlite3 *database;

22

};

23

24

#endif

And the following piece of code shows how to use it:

#include <iostream>
#include "Database.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{  Database *db;
   db = new Database("Database.sqlite");
   db->query("CREATE TABLE a (a INTEGER, b INTEGER);");
   db->query("INSERT INTO a VALUES(1, 2);");
   db->query("INSERT INTO a VALUES(5, 4);");
   vector<vector<string> > result = db->query("SELECT a, b FROM a;");
   for(vector<vector<string> >::iterator it = result.begin(); it < result.end(); ++it)
   {  vector<string> row = *it;
      cout << "Values: (A=" << row.at(0) << ", B=" << row.at(1) << ")" << endl;
   }
   db->close();
}

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