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最新推荐文章于 2021-12-16 15:07:25 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-12-16 15:07:25 发布

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分类专栏： software 文章标签： ubuntu windows download installer access disk

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Introduction

What is Wubi?

Wubi is an officially supported Ubuntu installer for Windows users that can install and uninstall Ubuntu as any other Windows application, in a simple and safe way.

How to use this guide

Please note that this guide is only for issues directly related to the Wubi installer; for general Ubuntu questions please use appropriate resources such as the official Ubuntu documentation, the Ubuntu Forums, or the Ubuntu Guide.

For general information on Wubi see the Wubi official website. You might also be interested in the Ubuntu Forums Installations & Upgrades section.

Installation

How do I install Ubuntu?

Run Wubi, insert a password for the new account, and click "install". The installation process from this point on is fully automatic. The installation files (approximately 700MB) will be downloaded and checked, after which you will be asked to reboot. Do so and select Ubuntu at the boot screen. The installation will continue for another 10 to 15 minutes and the machine will reboot again. That's it. Now you can select Ubuntu at the boot screen and start using it.

The standard installation has default settings that should work on most hardware.

How do I select whether to run Windows or Ubuntu?

You can choose to run Windows or Ubuntu at the system boot screen.

How do I install Wubi on a machine with no internet connection?

Wubi also works with physical Ubuntu Desktop Live CDs. Wubi.exe is available in the root folder of the CD.

If you do not have a CD, try to find a computer with internet access, and download both Wubi and the required ISO:

Then copy both files into the same folder on the machine with no internet access. Then run the Wubi executable. If you have internet access on the machine where you plan to install Ubuntu, you only need Wubi (the first link); Wubi will automatically download the ISO file as required.

Where do I find older versions of Wubi?

Older versions of Wubi can be found on the SourceForge page.

How can I use a manually downloaded ISO?

You need to download the DESKTOP CD ISO of the appropriate version. Place the ISO in the same folder where you have wubi.exe. Then run Wubi. For example, Wubi 10.10 requires the 10.10 DESKTOP ISO, available here.

Note that you need a DESKTOP CD ISO. A DVD ISO may not work. Alternate ISO files are not supported, either.

Why is the AMD64 version of Ubuntu getting downloaded and installed?

The machine you are trying to install Ubuntu on may be 64 bit. The AMD64 installation is appropriate for all 64 bit architectures, no matter if they are AMD or Intel.

Can I force Wubi to download and install a 32 bit version of Ubuntu?

Yes: either pre-download the appropriate 32 bit ISO manually and place it in the same folder as Wubi.exe or start Wubi with the "--32bit" argument.

Can I force Wubi to install if I have less than 256MB of memory?

Yes; start Wubi with the argument "--skipmemorycheck". The installer may not work in such conditions.

Can I force Wubi to install even if I have less than 5GB of free disk space?

Yes; start Wubi with the argument "--skipspacecheck". Be aware that 3GB of space is required as a minimum, though, as well as enough space to store the ISO. Pushing this limit too hard may cause errors.

Can I force Wubi to skip the md5 checks?

Yes; start Wubi with the argument "--skipmd5check".

Which Operating Systems are supported?

Windows Vista, XP, and 2000 are known to be working fine with Wubi. Windows 98 should also work, but has not been thoroughly tested. Windows ME is not supported. Linux is supported through Lubi.

What happens if the installation gets interrupted?

If the installation gets interrupted for any reason, you will have to run Wubi again from within the Windows installation (which in turn may force you to uninstall first).

Upgrading

Upgrading from 7.04 to 7.10 is NOT supported, due to the fundamental differences between 7.04 and 7.10. The best route is to uninstall and install Wubi-8.10 (you can save the old installation files and access them from 8.10) or move your 7.04 installation to a dedicated partition via LVPM, then upgrade using the standard upgrade-manager tool.

Upgrading from 7.10 to 8.04 might work, but it has not been fully tested.

Upgrading from 8.04 to 8.10 is supported.

Upgrading from 8.10 to 9.04 is supported, but not to 9.10.

Upgrading from 9.04 to 9.10 is supported.

Uninstallation

How do I uninstall Wubi?

Run the uninstaller in "Control Panal > Add or Remove Programs" for Windows XP or lower or "Control Panel > Programs and Features" for Windows Vista or Windows 7. Alternatively, you can run: C:/ubuntu/Uninstall-Ubuntu.exe.

If the uninstaller fails, try downloading and running Uninstall-Ubuntu.exe.

How do I manually uninstall Wubi?

Remove C:/ubuntu and C:/wubildr*

In Windows XP you need to edit C:/boot.ini and delete the Ubuntu/Wubi line. For Vista, you can use EasyBCD to edit the boot menu. Alternatively you can modify the boot menu via Control Panel > System > Advanced > Startup and Recovery and pressing "Edit". For Windows 98 you have to edit C:/config.sys and remove the Wubi block.

To remove Wubi from the add/remove list, delete the registry key: HKLM/Software/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Uninstall/Wubi

An easy method of removing this registry key is to paste the following text into a plain editor such as Notepad, close and save the file as something like removeWubiKey.reg (you may wish to go to Folder Options > View and disable the "Hide file extensions for known file types" option to check that the .reg extension has been applied correctly). Then you can perform the rest automatically by opening the file in the normal Windows manner, or choosing the "Merge" option from the right click context menu. Note: The formatting is rather strict, so copy the text exactly for best results. You may need to be logged in as the administrator to delete the key, depending on the version of Windows you are using. User Account Control in Vista may also ask for permission, in the typical fashion.

REGEDIT4

[-HKLM/SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Uninstall/Wubi]

After deleting the registry key, Ubuntu may still appear in the program list. If this is the case, you may be asked if you would like to remove the item from the list.

How do I reinstall Wubi?

Run Wubi.exe again. Wubi will detect that there is an existing installation and you will be shown an option to uninstall. You may want to backup the installation files (the ISO) in order to avoid to have to download them again. Note that when you reinstall, the system virtual drive (root.disk) is reset.

Unsupported set-ups

Software raid arrays

Software raid arrays 0 and 1 are not supported. They will be supported in the 9.10 release. Note that some "hardware" raids are in fact software ones.

Encrypted disks

Encrypted disks are not supported.

Windows ME

Windows ME is not supported.

Proxy server

Wubi does not support http proxies, which will result in the download failing. You will have to download the ISO manually as explained above and place it in the same directory as Wubi.exe.

DVD and Alternate ISO

DVD and Alternate ISO/CDs are not supported. The ISO must be an 8.10/9.04/9.10/10.04/10.10 CD Desktop ISO.

Troubleshooting

Cannot access the CD

This problem sometimes occurs when a drive/disk is already in use or not finalised. If this is not the case, please check that your hardware is supported by both Ubuntu and Wubi.

If problems still persist after checking the above, please follow instructions on how to download Wubi and make it use an ISO file instead of physical media.

Windows Missing hal.dll

This is a frequent error seen on Wubi installations. It leaves Windows unable to boot and complains about a missing "C:/windows/system32/hal.dll" which is the Hardware Abstraction Layer for Windows.

This problem can be fixed by using the following steps.

Boot-up an Ubuntu LiveCd
On the top taskbar click on the "Places" menu
Select your Windows partition (it will only be shown by its partition size)
Navigate to windows/system32/dllcache
Copy hal.dll from there to windows/system32/
Reboot.

Cannot boot into Ubuntu

Ubuntu cannot be booted if Windows has not been shut down cleanly, you have to clear the Windows filesystem from Windows (there is no chkdsk equivalent for Linux yet). If Wubi fails to start, boot into Windows, run chkdsk /r from Windows on the same drive where you have installed Ubuntu, shutdown cleanly and then try to boot into Ubuntu again.

Note that sometimes files are moved by Windows into a hidden folder called c:/found.000. You need to have c:/ubuntu/disks/root.disk and c:/ubuntu/disks/boot. If you do not see those, look for found.000. You need to change the Windows Explorer settings to be able to see hidden folders first, then move the files from found.000 to their original location.

Make sure you did not install on a RAID array or in an encrypted disk. Also make sure you did not install using an Alternate or DVD ISO.

Installation error while formatting the swap file

If the installation fails while formatting the swap virtual disk it means that your drive is excessively fragmented. Uninstall, run jkdefrag on the target drive and then run Wubi again.

Cannot uninstall Ubuntu

If you used Wubi rev. 505, the uninstaller may fail if you installed on a drive different from C. In such case use Uninstall-Ubuntu.exe. Wubi rev 506+ does not have this issue.

Cannot download the ISO file

This normally happens when you are behind a proxy server, sometimes the server might be down temporarily. In either case you can download the ISO manually as explained above.

Video Problems after second reboot

If you experience problems after installation, press "Ctrl+Alt+F2" and run:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Select the VESA driver and leave all other options at default. Then reboot. That will allow you to boot into a safe graphics mode (limited resolution) you should then be able to install the appropriate drivers or try other solutions as needed.

Corrupted NTFS filesystem

All reported cases of damaged filesystems so far were from people that hard rebooted (pulling the plug).

When you hard reboot, you can always damage your filesystem whether you use Wubi or not. What happens is that new users sometimes get stacked with Wubi/Ubuntu and since they do not know what to do they tend to hard-reboot more often than necessary. Sometimes they get lucky, sometimes they do not. Since Wubi sits on top of NTFS, of course when they do not get lucky, NTFS gets corrupted. Sometimes people blame Wubi for that even though a quick Google will show you that there are lots of people experiencing NTFS corruption without having ever used Wubi or ntfs-3g (and a full software industry lurking on that…).

If the NTFS filesystem gets corrupted you have to run chkdsk /r from the Windows Recovery Console on the Windows CD (or other recovery CD available on the web) or in the msdos console (if you can boot into Windows). At the moment there is no fsck for NTFS on the Linux side, otherwise it would be possible to fix these errors automatically within Linux itself, without having to rely on Windows tools.

The best advice is to simply avoid hard rebooting, whatever OS you may be using.

Wubi Support Forum

If none of the above sections or advice help with your problem, feel free to ask for help on the Ubuntu Forums in the Installations & Upgrades section - don't forget to let them know that you're using Wubi. It helps a lot if you can provide relevant logs when asking for support and they also speed up the process significantly. Note that you can install in "Verbose Mode" so that the logs will give much more detailed information. You will have to uninstall, reinstall, press "ESC" at boot after selecting "Ubuntu", and choose "Verbose Mode". There are different Wubi logs:

Windows side installation logs are in your user temp folder (%temp%)
For grub errors, immediately after reboot, press the insert key rapidly after selecting Wubi and/or press ESC at the countdown after selecting "Ubuntu" and use "c" or "e" to enter the appropriate boot options manually
For installation boot logs or if you end up in a Busybox console, see /casper.log. You can use the commands "cat" and "more" to read the file.
For installation logs see /var/log/syslog and /var/log/installer within Linux and C:/ubuntu/installation-logs.zip within Windows. If you do not have C:/ubuntu/installation-logs.zip, uninstall, reinstall, select "Verbose Mode" at boot (see above). When the installer stops press CTRL+ALT+F2 and run: "sudo sh /custom-installation/hooks/failure-command.sh". You can now reboot into Windows, the logs should be in C:/ubuntu/installation-logs.zip
Post installation logs are in /tmp and /var/log/syslog

Bugs are tracked in https://bugs.launchpad.net/wubi.

Misc

Inclusion into official Ubuntu

Wubi was born as an independent project and hence the 7.04 and 7.10 versions were unofficial. Wubi 8.04 and later versions are, however, official as well as being fully supported. Wubi has been shipped within the Ubuntu Live CD since the 8.04 release.

How do I make Ubuntu the default boot option?

Ubuntu is not installed as the default boot option, you have to select it in the Windows boot menu. To change that, in Windows XP go to Control Panel > System > Advanced Startup and Recovery and edit the "Default Operating System". If you want, you can change the timeout as well.

Can I back up the installation files?

Yes; just copy C:/ubuntu/disks/root.disk somewhere else (in 7.04 the relevant files are called C:/wubi/disks/*.virtual.disk). Old installation files can be mounted within Ubuntu and any relevant data can be copied over the new installation.

How do I install multiple distros?

You can install your favorite distro from within Wubi (see the advanced settings) and then once you are in Ubuntu, you can install the other desktop environments as normal packages. Each desktop environment is available as a single package (e.g. kubuntu-desktop). You will not have to reboot to change the desktop, simply log-off and choose the desktop environment in the options at login.

Improving disk performance

Poor disk performance is usually due to a fragmented drive or to a low amount of memory (frequent swapping).

You can use jkdefrag to defragment from within Windows.

download jkdefrag http://www.kessels.com/JkDefrag/
unzip
run: jkdefrag c:/ubuntu (or c:/wubi in 7.04 and above)

What happens if I have another bootloader?

Wubi only changes the Windows bootloader. Chances are that your bootloader will chainload into the Windows bootloader. For instance, if you have Grub already, you will have to select Windows there, and then you will see Windows and Ubuntu. The chain of events goes like this:

GRUB > NTLDR/BCD > GRUB4DOS > KERNEL

How big should the the virtual disks be?

The default size is calculated automatically based on your free space. There are options to change this in the settings. The space is not actually fully used; a barebone installation takes less than 3GB including all of the preinstalled software (office suite, games, graphics applications, etc...), but if the virtual disks were 2GB to 3GB, you would soon run out of space once you start installing extra software. 8GB should be enough in most cases. Remember that on FAT filesystems the virtual disks cannot be larger than 4GB (Wubi will split larger allocations over several virtual disks). Remember also that Wubi requires a larger free space than the one required by the virtual disk themselves, that is because it has to grab an ISO (700MB) plus some headroom. So Wubi will not install if you have less than 5GB free.

How do I migrate to a real partition, and/or get rid of Windows entirely?

Existing Wubi/Lubi installations can be upgraded to an installation on a dedicated partition via LVPM. The main site for LVPM is athttp://lubi.sourceforge.net/lvpm.html and the guide and support forum is at http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=438591.

As an alternative, the following script can be used with Wubi 8.04.

Download wubi-move-to-partition

Open a terminal and run:

sudo sh wubi-move-to-partition /dev/sda9 /dev/sda10

Replace /dev/sda9 with the partition where you would like to migrate the Wubi installation to, and /dev/sda10 with the appropriate swap partition (you can omit the second argument completely, in which case no swap will be setup). The two partitions must already exist and be empty (you can use any partitioning tool such as gparted to create them in advance). Note that the script will install grub as main bootloader replacing the existing bootloader, and it may not be easy to undo the changes (if things do not work as expected you will have to boot from a Live CD and replace/edit the bootloader manually). Also note that if you have multiple hard-disks, the disk order might have to be adjusted manually.

How do I resize the virtual disks?

You can use LVPM, at http://lubi.sourceforge.net/lvpm.html

As an alternative, you can use the following script to move /home to a dedicated virtual disk.

Download wubi-add-virtual-disk, open a terminal and run:

sudo sh wubi-add-virtual-disk /home 15000

Where the first argument is the directory to move to a new dedicated disk, and the second argument is the size in MB.

You should now reboot. If you are happy with the result, you can now remove /home.backup. To undo the changes remove /home, copy rename /home.backup to /home and remove the /home line in /etc/fstab.

Note that contrary to previous information, this script is not suitable for moving /usr - experienced users may be able to do this manually, at own risk, following a process similar to that outlined in the file. (Do not rename /usr until the very last moment, as rsync is installed there.)

How do I increase my swap space?

The following will increase your swap to 2 GB. Replace count= with the number of kilobytes you want for your swap file.

sudo su
swapoff -a
cd /host/ubuntu/disks/
mv swap.disk swap.disk.bak
dd if=/dev/zero of=swap.disk bs=1024 count=2097152
mkswap swap.disk
swapon -a
free -m

The final free statement will verify that your new swap file has the correct space. If everything worked, issue the following command and you are done. If it didn't work, then remove swap.disk and move swap.disk.bak back to swap.disk and try again.

rm swap.disk.bak

How do I create a virtual disk in Ubuntu?

Open a terminal (Applications -> Accessories -> Teminal), and enter these commands (this will create a 10 GB extra.virtual.disk, adjust line 2 to change these):

cd /host/ubuntu/disks
dd if=/dev/zero of=extra.disk bs=1MB count=10000 seek=1
mkfs.ext3 -F extra.disk

How do I create a virtual disk in Windows?

You can use qemu-img for that. Another dirty (but working) trick is to copy any other file of the desired size to C:/wubi/disks and rename it "root.disk", "home.disk", "swap.disk" or "extra.disk". That's the Wubi equivalent of buying (and installing) a new hard disk.

If you are running Windows XP (may work in Windows 2000 and Vista as well) you can create a file by using the fsutil that is included with Windows. The command format is fsutil file createnew filename filesize where filename is the file you wish to create and filesize is the size of the file to be created in bytes.

How do I access the Windows drives?

The Windows partition where you installed Wubi is available as /host within Ubuntu (places > computer > file system > host) All the other partitions will be available under places > removable media

How can I access the Wubi files from Windows?

There are a few Windows applications that can mount ext2-based file systems. See for instance:

http://www.chrysocome.net/explore2fs
http://www.fs-driver.org/
http://ext2read.sf.net (has ext4 support)

The relevant Wubi files you need to access are located under C:/ubuntu/disks/

How can I access my Wubi install and repair my install if it won't boot?

Boot the Ubuntu Desktop CD, or another LiveCD, then mount the windows partition:

sudo mkdir /win
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /win

Replace sda1 with the appropriate device (a = disk, 1 = partition number), then mount the virtual disk therein

sudo mkdir /vdisk
sudo mount -o loop /win/ubuntu/disks/root.disk /vdisk

Now the content of the virtual disk will be visible under /vdisk. 7.04 users will have to install ntfs-3g first and specify it as fstype to gain r/w access.

To check the filesystem you can use:

sudo fsck /win/ubuntu/disks/root.disk

How to reboot cleanly even when the keyboard/mouse are frozen

There are normally several ways to reboot cleanly using key combinations such as:

CTRL + ALT+ F2 (get to a terminal, you can then run top/kill/pkill to discover and kill the offending process)
ALT+ SYSRQ + R then CTRL + ALT+ F2 (as above, but first try to regain control of the keyboard)
CTRL + ALT + Backspace (kills the graphic session and goes to a console, all graphical applications are terminated too)
ALT+ SYSRQ + R then ALT + Backspace (as above, but first try to regain control of the keyboard)
CTRL + ALT + DEL (reboot)
ALT+ SYSRQ + R then CTRL + ALT + DEL (as above, but first try to regain control of the keyboard)
ALT+ SYSRQ + R + S + U + B (forces a clean reboot even when the keyboard is not responding)

The last one is the most effective, but you could try the other commands first.

Wubi Customization

Can you add Ubuntu-flavor-XYZ to Wubi?

If you want your distribution included into the official release of Wubi, it first requires approval. A live CD ISO must be available to do that (Wubi uses an ubiquity based installer).

How do I compile Wubi from source?

Wubi can be easily rebranded and modified. Get the Wubi source code and modify the files in the ./data directory as you see fit. In particular you may want to change isolist.ini and setting.nsh, you might also want to change english.nsh (to alter the localised strings) and the artwork (image names have to match the headers in isolist.ini).

To compile on a Debian based system, run:

sudo apt-get install gettext build-essential grub-pc mingw32 #Is needed to compile Wubi
make

Note that you need the following:

A Live CD with ubiquity + casper + lupin-support (which provides lupin-casper)
The ISO must have a .disk/info formatted like the one in the Ubuntu ISO and with data matching what you provided in the isolist.ini
If you want users to be able to download the ISO, in your web server you need to provide a metalink file for each ISO provided, the md5 of said metalink files, and the signature of the md5s. To verify the signature you need to add the signing key to data/trustedkeys.gpg. If this is too much trouble, you can disable signature checks in data/settings.nsh. The metalink file must be on a "stable" URL since that is hardcoded in isolist.ini. The metalink file can in turn point to all your mirrors. You will notice that 2 metalink files are provided in isolist.ini, one is for final release, and one for development versions.

Can I use Wubi for non-Ubuntu based distributions?

It should be fairly straightforward to modify the frontend (feel free to ask if you need any help), as shown above. Your Linux distribution must have a mechanism to do unattended installation using a preseed file. Wubi takes advantages of debian-installer/ubiquity presiding. If you use a different mechanism, you will have to modify src/wubi/installer_preseed.nsh. The make prerequisite scripts may need to be updated as well, since they are Debian specific.

Note that upstream files (Linux-side) need to be changed since normal distributions are generally not capable of targeting and booting (and rebooting) off of a loop device. This task was originally accomplished by the Lupin project, but since 7.10 a lot of functionality has been moved upstream. Hence you might want to have a look at: