安卓学习 Day15：Fragment

目录

案例演示——切换碎片

1、创建安卓应用

2、添加背景图片

3、修改主布局资源文件 

4、编写字符串资源文件

5、创建第一个碎片

6、创建第二个碎片

 7、创建第三个碎片

8、编写主界面类

9、运行程序，查看效果

10、修改第一个碎片界面类 

11、修改第二个碎片界面类

12、修改第三个碎片界面类

13、运行程序，查看效果

14、优化代码 

15、实现手势切换碎片，修改主界面类

 16、运行程序，查看效果

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案例演示——切换碎片

1、创建安卓应用

• 选择模板

• 完善项目信息

2、添加背景图片

 

3、修改主布局资源文件 

• 源代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/container"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

</FrameLayout>

4、编写字符串资源文件

5、创建第一个碎片

• 设置名称

• 修改第一个碎片的布局文件 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@drawable/bg1"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".FirstFragment">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
        android:text="@string/first_fragment"
        android:textColor="#ff0000"
        android:textSize="25sp"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnNextFragment"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="doNextFragment"
        android:text="@string/next_fragment" />

</LinearLayout>

6、创建第二个碎片

• 修改第二个碎片的布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@drawable/bg2"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".FirstFragment">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
        android:text="@string/second_fragment"
        android:textColor="#00ff00"
        android:textSize="25sp" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnNextFragment"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="doNextFragment"
        android:text="@string/next_fragment"/>
</LinearLayout>

 7、创建第三个碎片

• 修改第三个碎片的布局文件 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@drawable/bg3"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".FirstFragment">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
        android:text="@string/third_fragment"
        android:textColor="#0000ff"
        android:textSize="25sp" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnNextFragment"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="doNextFragment"
        android:text="@string/next_fragment"/>
</LinearLayout>

8、编写主界面类

•  源代码

package net.zs.switch_fragment;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;

import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // 利用布局资源文件设置用户界面
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // 获取碎片管理器
        FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();

        // 在主容器里添加第一个碎片
        fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.container, new FirstFragment()).commit();
    }
}

9、运行程序，查看效果

• 此时单击下一个碎片会出错

10、修改第一个碎片界面类 

•  源代码

package net.zs.switch_fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;

/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 * Use the {@link FirstFragment#newInstance} factory method to
 * create an instance of this fragment.
 */
public class FirstFragment extends Fragment {

    private Button btnNextFragment;

    // TODO: Rename parameter arguments, choose names that match
    // the fragment initialization parameters, e.g. ARG_ITEM_NUMBER
    private static final String ARG_PARAM1 = "param1";
    private static final String ARG_PARAM2 = "param2";

    // TODO: Rename and change types of parameters
    private String mParam1;
    private String mParam2;

    public FirstFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    /**
     * Use this factory method to create a new instance of
     * this fragment using the provided parameters.
     *
     * @param param1 Parameter 1.
     * @param param2 Parameter 2.
     * @return A new instance of fragment FirstFragment.
     */
    // TODO: Rename and change types and number of parameters
    public static FirstFragment newInstance(String param1, String param2) {
        FirstFragment fragment = new FirstFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM1, param1);
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM2, param2);
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        if (getArguments() != null) {
            mParam1 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM1);
            mParam2 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM2);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // 获取碎片视图
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_first, container, false);
        // 通过资源标识符获得控件实例
        btnNextFragment = view.findViewById(R.id.btnNextFragment);
        // 给按钮注册监听器
        btnNextFragment.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                getFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                        .addToBackStack("next")
                        .replace(R.id.container, new SecondFragment())
                        .commit();
            }
        });

        // 返回视图
        return view;
    }
}

11、修改第二个碎片界面类

•  源代码

package net.zs.switch_fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;

/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 * Use the {@link SecondFragment#newInstance} factory method to
 * create an instance of this fragment.
 */
public class SecondFragment extends Fragment {

    private Button btnNextFragment;

    // TODO: Rename parameter arguments, choose names that match
    // the fragment initialization parameters, e.g. ARG_ITEM_NUMBER
    private static final String ARG_PARAM1 = "param1";
    private static final String ARG_PARAM2 = "param2";

    // TODO: Rename and change types of parameters
    private String mParam1;
    private String mParam2;

    public SecondFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    /**
     * Use this factory method to create a new instance of
     * this fragment using the provided parameters.
     *
     * @param param1 Parameter 1.
     * @param param2 Parameter 2.
     * @return A new instance of fragment SecondFragment.
     */
    // TODO: Rename and change types and number of parameters
    public static SecondFragment newInstance(String param1, String param2) {
        SecondFragment fragment = new SecondFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM1, param1);
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM2, param2);
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        if (getArguments() != null) {
            mParam1 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM1);
            mParam2 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM2);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // 获取碎片视图
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_second, container, false);
        // 通过资源标识符获得控件实例
        btnNextFragment = view.findViewById(R.id.btnNextFragment);
        // 给按钮注册监听器
        btnNextFragment.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                getFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                        .addToBackStack("next")
                        .replace(R.id.container, new ThirdFragment())
                        .commit();
            }
        });

        // 返回视图
        return view;
    }
}

12、修改第三个碎片界面类

•  源代码

package net.zs.switch_fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;

/**
 * A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
 * Use the {@link ThirdFragment#newInstance} factory method to
 * create an instance of this fragment.
 */
public class ThirdFragment extends Fragment {

    private Button btnNextFragment;

    // TODO: Rename parameter arguments, choose names that match
    // the fragment initialization parameters, e.g. ARG_ITEM_NUMBER
    private static final String ARG_PARAM1 = "param1";
    private static final String ARG_PARAM2 = "param2";

    // TODO: Rename and change types of parameters
    private String mParam1;
    private String mParam2;

    public ThirdFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    /**
     * Use this factory method to create a new instance of
     * this fragment using the provided parameters.
     *
     * @param param1 Parameter 1.
     * @param param2 Parameter 2.
     * @return A new instance of fragment ThirdFragment.
     */
    // TODO: Rename and change types and number of parameters
    public static ThirdFragment newInstance(String param1, String param2) {
        ThirdFragment fragment = new ThirdFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM1, param1);
        args.putString(ARG_PARAM2, param2);
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        if (getArguments() != null) {
            mParam1 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM1);
            mParam2 = getArguments().getString(ARG_PARAM2);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        // 获取碎片视图
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_third, container, false);
        // 通过资源标识符获得控件实例
        btnNextFragment = view.findViewById(R.id.btnNextFragment);
        // 给按钮注册监听器
        btnNextFragment.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                 getFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                         .addToBackStack("next")
                         .replace(R.id.container, new FirstFragment())
                         .commit();
            }
        });

        // 返回视图
        return view;
    }
}

13、运行程序，查看效果

14、优化代码 

• 创建碎片列表类 - FragmentList - 用于保存程序要用到的碎片对象

• 修改主界面类

•  修改第一个碎片类

•  修改第二个碎片类

• 修改第三个碎片类

•  运行程序，查看效果

15、实现手势切换碎片，修改主界面类

• 源代码

package net.zs.switch_fragment;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.GestureDetector;
import android.view.MotionEvent;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private GestureDetector detector;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // 利用布局资源文件设置用户界面
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // 获取碎片管理器
        FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();

        // 创建三个碎片，添加到碎片列表
        FragmentList.fragments.add(new FirstFragment());
        FragmentList.fragments.add(new SecondFragment());
        FragmentList.fragments.add(new ThirdFragment());

        // 在主容器里添加第一个碎片
        fm.beginTransaction().add(R.id.container, FragmentList.fragments.get(0)).commit();

        // 实例化手势侦测器
        detector = new GestureDetector(new GestureDetector.OnGestureListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onDown(MotionEvent motionEvent) {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public void onShowPress(MotionEvent motionEvent) {

            }

            @Override
            public boolean onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent motionEvent) {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean onScroll(MotionEvent motionEvent, MotionEvent motionEvent1, float v, float v1) {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public void onLongPress(MotionEvent motionEvent) {

            }

            @Override
            public boolean onFling(MotionEvent e1, MotionEvent e2, float v, float v1) {
                // 手势往左滑动10个像素，切换到下一个碎片
                if (e1.getX() - e2.getX() > 10) {
                    // 获取返回栈条目个数
                    int count = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount();
                    // 获取碎片索引
                    int index = ++count % 3;
                    // 切换碎片
                    getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                            .addToBackStack("" + index)
                            .replace(R.id.container, FragmentList.fragments.get(index))
                            .commit();
                }
                return true;
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 将窗口的触摸事件交给手势侦测器来处理
     */
    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        return detector.onTouchEvent(event);
    }
}

 16、运行程序，查看效果