39. Combination Sum

Given a set of candidate numbers (C) (without duplicates) and a target number (T), find all unique combinations in C where the candidate numbers sums to T. 

The same repeated number may be chosen from C unlimited number of times.

Note:

• All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
• The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.

For example, given candidate set [2, 3, 6, 7] and target 7, 
A solution set is: 

[
  [7],
  [2, 2, 3]
]

在leetcode的topsulotion里有这类题的一套模板： A general approach to backtracking questions in Java (Subsets, Permutations, Combination Sum, Palindrome Partitioning)。会发现用这套模板解体，基本就是变一两行的事情，代码如下：

public class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum(int[] candidates, int target) {
        List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
        Arrays.sort(candidates);
        backtrack(result, new ArrayList<Integer>(), candidates, target, 0);
        return result;
    }
    public void backtrack(List<List<Integer>> list, List<Integer> tempList, int nums[], int remain, int start) {
        if (remain == 0) {
            list.add(new ArrayList(tempList));
        } else if (remain < 0) {
            return;
        } else {
            for (int i = start; i < nums.length; i ++) {
                tempList.add(nums[i]);
                backtrack(list, tempList, nums, remain - nums[i], i);
                tempList.remove(tempList.size() - 1);
            }
        }
    }
}