467. Unique Substrings in Wraparound String

Consider the string s to be the infinite wraparound string of "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", so s will look like this: "...zabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcd....".

Now we have another string p. Your job is to find out how many unique non-empty substrings of p are present in s. In particular, your input is the string p and you need to output the number of different non-empty substrings of p in the string s.

Note: p consists of only lowercase English letters and the size of p might be over 10000.

Example 1:

Input: "a"
Output: 1

Explanation: Only the substring "a" of string "a" is in the string s.

Example 2:

Input: "cac"
Output: 2
Explanation: There are two substrings "a", "c" of string "cac" in the string s.

Example 3:

Input: "zab"
Output: 6
Explanation: There are six substrings "z", "a", "b", "za", "ab", "zab" of string "zab" in the string s.

这道题用count[26]存储以a-z开头的最长子序列，最后累加count，得到结果。分析如下：

The idea is, if we know the max number of unique substrings in p ends with 'a', 'b', ..., 'z', then the summary of them is the answer. Why is that?

1. The max number of unique substring ends with a letter equals to the length of max contiguous substring ends with that letter. Example "abcd", the max number of unique substring ends with 'd' is 4, apparently they are "abcd", "bcd", "cd" and "d".
2. If there are overlapping, we only need to consider the longest one because it covers all the possible substrings. Example: "abcdbcd", the max number of unique substring ends with 'd' is 4 and all substrings formed by the 2nd "bcd" part are covered in the 4 substrings already.
3. No matter how long is a contiguous substring in p, it is in s since s has infinite length.
4. Now we know the max number of unique substrings in p ends with 'a', 'b', ..., 'z' and those substrings are all in s. Summary is the answer, according to the question.

代码如下：

public class Solution {
    public int findSubstringInWraproundString(String p) {
        int[] count = new int[26];
        char[] chs = p.toCharArray();
        int maxLength = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < chs.length; i ++) {
            if (i > 0 && (chs[i] - chs[i - 1] == 1 || chs[i - 1] - chs[i] == 25)) {
                maxLength ++;
            } else {
                maxLength = 1;
            }
            int index = chs[i] - 'a';
            count[index] = Math.max(maxLength, count[index]);
        }
        int sum = 0;
        for (int n: count) {
            sum += n;
        }
        return sum;
    }
}