MACHINE_START

#define MACHINE_START(_type,_name)			\
static const struct machine_desc __mach_desc_##_type	\
 __used							\
 __attribute__((__section__(".arch.info.init"))) = {	\
	.nr		= MACH_TYPE_##_type,		\
	.name		= _name,

#define MACHINE_END				\
};


struct machine_desc {
	/*
	 * Note! The first four elements are used
	 * by assembler[汇编程序] code in head.S, head-common.S
	 */
	unsigned int		nr;		/* architecture[体系结构] number	*/
	unsigned int		phys_io;	/* start of physical io	*/
	unsigned int		io_pg_offst;	/* byte offset for io 
						                * page tabe entry	*/

	const char		*name;		/* architecture name	*/
	unsigned long		boot_params;	/* tagged list		uboot传递参数的物理地址在setup_arch中被转成虚拟地址*/

	unsigned int		video_start;	/* start of video RAM	*/
	unsigned int		video_end;	/* end of video RAM	*/

	unsigned int		reserve_lp0 :1;	/* never has lp0	*/
	unsigned int		reserve_lp1 :1;	/* never has lp1	*/
	unsigned int		reserve_lp2 :1;	/* never has lp2	*/
	unsigned int		soft_reboot :1;	/* soft reboot		*/
	void			(*fixup)(struct machine_desc *,
					 struct tag *, char **,
					 struct meminfo *);
	void			(*map_io)(void);/* IO mapping function*/
	void			(*init_irq)(void);  
	struct sys_timer	*timer;		/* system tick timer	*/
	void			(*init_machine)(void);  
};

该结构中的函数何时被调用
1，fixup
在函数setup_arch中，解析uboot传递的tags时被调用到。
if (mdesc->fixup)
mdesc->fixup(mdesc, tags, &from, &meminfo);


2，map_io
setup_arch 
->paging_init
->devicemaps_init
if (mdesc->map_io)
mdesc->map_io();


3，init_irq
1>先在setup_arch中被赋值给全局变量init_arch_irq
init_arch_irq = mdesc->init_irq;
2>再在start_kernel函数中调用init_IRQ函数时被调用
start_kernel
->init_IRQ
->init_arch_irq


4，init_machine
1>先在setup_arch中被赋值给全局变量init_machine
init_machine = mdesc->init_machine;
2>被customize_machine函数调用
if (init_machine)
init_machine();
3>customize_machine被arch_initcall(customize_machine)宏声明
4>arch_initcall被按如下顺序调用
start_kernel
->rest_init
->kernel_init
->do_basic_setup
->do_initcalls
被调用


以上这4个函数被调用的顺序依次为：
1,fixup， 2,map_io， 3,init_irq， 4,init_machine


5，timer结构中的函数
1>timer先在setup_arch中被赋值给全局变量system_timer
system_timer = mdesc->timer;
2>在time_init中调用system_timer->init()
system_timer->init();
3>在start_kernel函数中调用time_init函数