1、Destructuring
ES6允许按照一定模式,从数组和对象中提取值,对变量进行赋值,这称为“解构”。
2、不完全解构
等号左边的模式,只匹配一部分的等号右边的数组。
3、指定默认值
注意:ES6内部使用严格相等运算符(===)判断一个位置是否有值。所以,如果一个数组成员不严格等于undefined,默认值是不会生效的。
4、let和const命令
只要某种数据结构具有lterator接口,都可以采用数组形式的结构赋值。
(1)数组解构
<script type="text/traceur">
//ES5
//var a =1;
//var b=2;
//var c=3;
//ES6
var [a,b,c] = [1,2,3];
console.log(a);
console.log(b);
console.log(c);
</script>
结果:1
2
3
(2)对应位置
let [foo,[[bar],base]] = [1,[[2],3]];
console.log(foo); //1;
console.log(bar); //2
console.log(base); //3
let[, , third] = ["first",'second","third"];
console.log(third); //third
let[one, ,three] = ["One","Two","Three"];
console.log(one); //One
console.log(three); //Three
let [head,...tail] = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
console.log(head); //0
console.log(tail); //[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
(3)不完全解构
<script type="text/traceur">
let [x,y] = [1,2,3];
console.log(x); //1
console.log(y); //2
let [a,[b],c] = [1,[2,3],4];
console.log(a); //1
console.log(b); //2/[2,3]
console.log(c); //4
</script>
(4)指定默认值
<script type="text/traceur">
var [temp = "string"] = [];
console.log(temp); //string
var [temp = "string"] = ["tempString"];
console.log(temp); //tempString
var [x="aaa",y] = ["bbb"];
console.log(x); //bbb
console.log(y); //undefined
var [m,n="aaa"] = ["bbb"];
console.log(m); //bbb
console.log(n); //aaa
var [p,q="aaa"] = ["bbb",undefined];
console.log(p); //bbb
console.log(q); //aaa
</script>
解析:从上述案例可以看出,若只赋值了一个,即会覆盖之前的值;若之前未定义,则会显示“undefined”;若之前变量有值,强行赋值了undefined,则并不会产生什么影响。
(5)非遍历结构——报错
<script type="text/traceur">
var [temp1] = 1; //1 is not a function at eval
var [temp2] =false; //false is not a function at eval
var [temp3] =NaN;
var [temp4] = undefined; //Cannot read
var [temp5] =null;
</script>
(6)let和const命令——Iterator接口
<script type="text/traceur">
let [a,b,c] = new Set(["a","b","c"]);
console.log(a); //a
console.log(b); //b
console.log(c); //c
//由于它是可遍历的,所以会显示出来;
function* fibs(){ //指针类型
let a=0;
let b=1;
while(true){
yield a;
[a,b] = [b,a+b];
}
};
var [first,second,third,fourth,fifth,sixth] = fibs();
console.log(sixth); //5
</script>
解析:在上述代码中,函数fibs()可对指针进行索引,对于下标的值,所对应的即为数组形式下的解构赋值,实现数组赋值解构化。