图片的二次采样

    在图片下载中，有时候图片太大会出现OOM（out of  memory）异常，为了解决这个异常，我们需要对图片进行二次采样，也就是对图片进行压缩。

    示例：对图片二次采样后显示在ListView上

ImageThread

package com.example.imageload;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.widget.ImageView;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * 执行图片的下载和二次采样
 * Created by 张样 on 2016/11/9.
 */
public class ImageThread implements Runnable{
    /**
     * 规定图片的最大值，高和宽的像素最大是100像素
     */
    public static final int MAX_WIDTH = 100;
    public static final int MAX_HEIGHT = 100;
    /**
     * 图片的地址
     */
    private String imagePath;
    private ImageView mImageView;

    public ImageThread(String imagePath, ImageView mImageView) {
        this.imagePath = imagePath;
        this.mImageView = mImageView;
        mImageView.setTag(imagePath);
    }

    private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            //防止因为ListView的Item复用导致的图片出现跳动BUG
            if (mImageView.getTag().equals(imagePath)){
                Bitmap bitmap= (Bitmap) msg.obj;
                mImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
            }

        }
    };

    @Override
    public void run() {
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        try {
            //网络请求
            URL url = new URL(imagePath);
            HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            httpURLConnection.connect();
            //请求成功
            if (httpURLConnection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
                inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
                int len = 0;
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
                    outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
                }
                outputStream.flush();
                //讲图片流转换成Bitmap对象
                byte[] bytes = outputStream.toByteArray();
                //二次采样
                BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
                //options.inJustDecodeBounds为true表示仅仅获取图片的大小属性
                options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
                //获取图片的大小，不加载图片的内容
                BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(bytes,0,bytes.length,options);
                int outWidth = options.outWidth;
                int outHeight = options.outHeight;
                //计算压缩比
                int widthRatio = outWidth/MAX_WIDTH ;
                int heightRatio = outHeight/MAX_HEIGHT;
                int ratio = widthRatio > heightRatio ? widthRatio : heightRatio;
                //加载图片的内容，并且对图片按照比率进行压缩
                options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
                //配置图片的压缩比
                options.inSampleSize = ratio;
                //图片转化
                Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(bytes, 0, bytes.length, options);
                //将Bitmap对象传递到主线程
                Message message = mHandler.obtainMessage();
                message.obj = bitmap;
                mHandler.sendMessage(message);
            }
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                inputStream.close();
                outputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

ImageLoader

package com.example.imageload;

import android.widget.ImageView;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * 开线程池执行图片加载
 * Created by 张样 on 2016/11/9.
 */
public class ImageLoader {

    private static ExecutorService executorService;

    public static void load(String path, ImageView imageView){
        init();
        executorService.execute(new ImageThread(path,imageView));
    }
    private static void init(){
        if (executorService == null){
            executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
        }
    }
}

ImageAdapter

package com.example.imageload;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * ListView适配器,在ListView上加载一张图片
 * Created by 张样 on 2016/11/10.
 */
public class ImageAdaptet extends BaseAdapter {

    private List<String> datas;
    private Context context;

    public ImageAdaptet(List<String> datas, Context context) {
        this.datas = datas;
        this.context = context;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return datas == null ? 0 :datas.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ImageView imageView = (ImageView) convertView;
        if (imageView == null){
            imageView = new ImageView(context);
        }
        //图片加载
        String path = datas.get(position);
        ImageLoader.load(path,imageView);
        return imageView;
    }
}

MainActivity

package com.example.imageload;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.ListView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List<String> paths = new ArrayList<>();
    private ListView mListView;
    private ImageAdaptet imageAdaptet;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initDatas();
        initView();
    }

    private void initView() {
        mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.main_list_view);
        imageAdaptet = new ImageAdaptet(paths,this);
        mListView.setAdapter(imageAdaptet);
    }

    /**
     * 加载网址
     */
    private void initDatas() {
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201505/_1431668017101.jpg");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201605/_1463125483599.png");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201505/_1431668017101.jpg");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201605/_1463125483599.png");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201609/_1474445209925.jpg");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201609/_1475201359049.png");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201609/_1473834636728.png");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201609/_1475201359049.png");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201505/_1431668017101.jpg");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201605/_1463125483599.png");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201505/_1431668017101.jpg");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201605/_1463125483599.png");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201609/_1474445209925.jpg");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201609/_1475201359049.png");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201609/_1473834636728.png");
        paths.add("http://www.1688wan.com/allimgs/img_iapp/201609/_1475201359049.png");
    }
}

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.imageload.MainActivity">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/main_list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</RelativeLayout>

原理：BitmapFactory内部的图片解码，形成Bitmap是通过底层C/C++来实现的，有专门的图片界面库，可以通过参数来获取图片的尺寸，以及设置针对颜色加载的采样比率，采样比率就是把多个像素采样成一个像素，图片自然就变小了，最终传递给Java级别的对象，内存就变小了，图片也就变小了。