OSPF综合实验(ensp)

实验拓补图:

实验目的:

1、R4为ISP,其上只配置IP地址;R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP;
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;除了R12有两个环回,其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
5、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
6、全网可达;

首先进行IP地址配置:

R1:

[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 24
Apr 16 2024 18:33:04-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24

实验现象:

R2:

[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Apr 16 2024 18:36:25-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.2 24

实验现象:

R3:

[R3]int g 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24
Apr 16 2024 18:40:49-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24
[R3-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24

实验现象:

R4:

[R4]int s4/0/0
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24
Apr 16 2024 18:45:00-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol PPP
 IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1
[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial4/0/1]int s3/0/0
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 47.0.0.4 24
Apr 16 2024 18:47:10-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R4]int l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24

实验现象:

R5:

[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-Serial4/0/0]
Apr 16 2024 18:50:47-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol PPP
 IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.5 24

实验现象:

R6:

[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24
[R6-Serial4/0/0]
Apr 16 2024 18:53:23-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol PPP
 IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 30
Apr 16 2024 18:53:48-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24

实验现象:

R7:

[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24
Apr 16 2024 18:55:36-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.7 30
Error: The specified IP address is invalid.
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 30
Apr 16 2024 18:57:27-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24

实验现象:

R8:

[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 30
Apr 16 2024 18:59:40-08:00 R8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.5 30
Apr 16 2024 19:00:29-08:00 R8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24

实验现象:

R9:

[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30
Apr 16 2024 19:03:12-08:00 R9 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 30
Apr 16 2024 19:03:51-08:00 R9 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24
[R9-LoopBack0]

实验现象:

R10:

[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 30
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Apr 16 2024 19:06:27-08:00 R10 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.10 24

实验现象:

R11:

[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30
Apr 16 2024 19:10:05-08:00 R11 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30
Apr 16 2024 19:11:37-08:00 R11 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.11 24

实验现象:

R12:

[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 30
Apr 16 2024 19:15:23-08:00 R12 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.12 24
[R12-LoopBack0]int l1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.12 24

实验现象:

配置缺省路由:

R3:

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4

R5:

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4

R6:

[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4

R7:

[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

验证:

开启ospf宣告网段:

area1:

[R1]ospf 1 ro	
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255

area 0:

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 46.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
Info: The configuration succeeded. You need to restart the OSPF process to valid
ate the new router ID.
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 47.0.0.0 0.0.0.255

area 2:

[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
Info: The configuration succeeded. You need to restart the OSPF process to valid
ate the new router ID.
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.66.11 0.0.0.255
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]v 2
[R12-rip-1]un su	
[R12-rip-1]un summary 
[R12-rip-1]ne	
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0 
[R12-rip-1]q
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]im	
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip

area 3

[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne	
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0

area 4:

[R9-ospf-1]a 4	
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.130.0 0.0.0.255	
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0
[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-1]a 4
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]ne	
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.131.0 0.0.0.255

邻居建立关系(例):

配置gre隧道:

R3(中心站点)

[R3]int t	
[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tu	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gr	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]so	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
Apr 16 2024 21:46:14-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 99
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]ne	
[R3-ospf-1]nexthop 
[R3-ospf-1]nexthop 
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne	
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

开启中心站点伪广播功能:

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 

R5:

[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.5 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
Apr 16 2024 21:53:08-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 99
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register ###找到中心站点注册
[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

R6:  

[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.6 24	
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol g	
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 99
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

       

R7:

[R7]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 99
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register	
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

更改隧道接口类型:

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

取消R5,R6,R7选举资格:

[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R7]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

设备都可以访问R4环回
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]ru    
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule p    
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit so    
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]q
[R3]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat ou    
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R3-Serial4/0/0]
[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]ru    
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule p    
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit so    
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]q
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat o    
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R5-Serial4/0/0]
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]ru    
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule p    
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit so    
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]q
[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat o    
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R6-Serial4/0/0]
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]q
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat o    
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

路由汇总


[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ab    
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
 
 
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 1
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ab    
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
 
 
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 2
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ab    
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
 
 
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]as    
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
 
 
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]asb    
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
特殊区域:

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-s
 
 
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-s    
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 
 
 
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1 
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 


[R6-ospf-1]a 2  
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary 
 
 
[R7]ospf
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary 
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]
 
 
[R8-ospf-1]a 3 
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary 
 
 
[R9-ospf-1]
[R9-ospf-1]a 3 
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary 
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]
 
 
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]a 2 
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary 
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
 
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-s
给R10下发缺省

[R9]ospf 2

[R9-ospf-2]de

[R9-ospf-2]default-r

[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

[R9-ospf-2]

加快收敛(缩短加速时间)

[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer h    
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
 
 
[R2]int g0/0/0   
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer he    
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
 
 
 
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer he    
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ospf ti    
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer h    
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R3-Serial4/0/0]
 
 
 
[R4]int s4/0/0
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ospf ti    
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer h    
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R4-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1
[R4-Serial4/0/1]ospf timer hello 1
[R4-Serial4/0/1]int s3/0/0
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
 
 
 
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R5-Serial4/0/0]
 
 
[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R6-Serial4/0/0]
[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
 
 
 
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
 
 
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
 
 
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1
 
 
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
 
 
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
 
 
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 1

区域认证


[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
 
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
 
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
 
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
 
 
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
 
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
 
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
 
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345
 
 
[R12]ospf
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 12345

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### 回答1: OSPF,RIP 和 DHCP 是三种不同的网络协议。 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) 是一种链路状态路由协议,用于在大型内部网络中管理路由信息。 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) 是一种距离向量路由协议,通常用于小型内部网络。 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 是一种用于动态分配 IP 地址的协议。它允许客户端自动获取必要的网络配置信息,而无需手动配置。 ### 回答2: ENSP是一款华为网络仿真器,可以用于建立网络拓扑、虚拟设备的模拟,进行网络实验和应用。在ENSP中,可以使用OSPF和RIP这两种动态路由协议,来实现网络设备之间的通讯和数据传输。 OSPF是一种开放式最短路径优先的路由协议,它通过网络链路状态的信息交换来计算路由并进行最优路径选择。它具有快速收敛、高效可靠、支持分层网络、支持可变长度子网掩码等优点,并且可以通过分区实现网络性能的调整、灾难恢复、安全控制等。 RIP是距离向量路由协议,基于跳数来评估路由距离,通过周期性地广播路由表信息,实现网络之间的通讯。RIP具有简单易实现、低成本、易于扩展等优点,但因其计算复杂度低,资源浪费问题等原因,使得其在大规模、复杂、高效的网络中使用不常见。 在ENSP实验中,可以使用OSPF和RIP来进行路由的动态选择和数据传输。此外,DHCP服务也可以被用于为网络终端提供IP地址的自动分配,实现网络快速部署、大规模管理等功能。对于综合实验来说,可以通过构建多个设备、建立不同的网络拓扑、实现不同协议的数据传输等方式,加深对网络原理、协议机制、配置技巧的了解,并提高实际操作和解决问题的能力。 ### 回答3: ENSP是华为提供的一套网络仿真工具,可以用于网络拓扑的搭建、设备配置与流量仿真等。在使用ENSP时,我们可以利用其中提供的多种协议模拟实验室中实现一系列网络技术的实验。 其中,OSPF和RIP是两种常见的路由协议,它们可以帮助我们实现网络中的路由选择与转发。OSPF(Open Shortest Path First)是一种链路状态路由协议,它通过交换链路状态信息来计算最短路径树,并将路由表信息传递给所有的OSPF路由器。相对于RIP协议而言,OSPF通信开销较大,但可以适应相对于拓扑的改变较为敏捷,是目前网络中应用较广泛的路由协议之一。 DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)是另一个在ENSP中常用的协议,它可以为网络中的设备自动分配IP地址,并提供相应的网关、DNS等网路配置信息。因为DHCP能够自动为设备分配IP地址,所以在一些网络环境中比较常用。 综合实验则是将多种协议与技术结合在一起,构建一个较为完整的网络环境,应用来对整个网络进行实验。在ENSP中,我们可以使用OSPF和RIP来构建网络中的路由,DHCP则可以为各个设备自动配置IP地址等信息,最终形成一个相对完整的网络架构。在进行实验时,我们可以通过修改参数、改变拓扑来测试网络的稳定性与可靠性,寻找网络中的可能问题并设计性能优化解决方案。 综上所述,在网络技术的学习与应用过程中,ENSP综合实验OSPFRIPDHCP是一个比较常见的实验,通过这个实验我们可以学习到多种协议与技术的应用,同时也可以提高自己的实验技能与网络实际操作经验。
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