粒子系统

1. 基本原理

粒子系统由大量的粒子构成，每个粒子有大小，位置以及纹理，另外还有比如颜色，透明度，运动速度，加速度，自旋周期，生命周期等属性

粒子系统随时间不短变换，常经过下面几个变换

1）产生新的粒子

2）更新现有粒子属性

3）删除已经消亡的粒子

4）绘制出粒子

2. 粒子系统设计

1） 定义粒子数量，区域，宽度，高度

  #define PARTICLE_NUMBER 10000

 # define SNOW_SYSTEM_LENGTH_X 20000

 #define SNOW_SYSTEM_WIDTH_Z  20000

#define SNOW_SYSTEM_HEIGHT_Y 20000

2）设置顶点结构和顶点格式,粒子系统类

  struct POINTVERTEX{

    float x,y,z;

    float u,v;

  };

  #define D3DFVF_POINTVERTEX (DEDFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_TEX1)

 

CParticleSystem::CParticleSystem()
{
    m_NumParticles = 0;
    m_pParticles = NULL;


    m_fSpread = 0.0f;
    m_fLifeSpan = 0.0f;
    m_fStartSize = 0.0f;
    m_fEndSize = 0.0f;
    m_fSizeExponent = 0.0f;
    m_fStartSpeed = 0.0f;
    m_fEndSpeed = 0.0f;
    m_fSpeedExponent = 0.0f;
    m_fFadeExponent = 0.0f;
    m_fRollAmount = 0.0f;
    m_fWindFalloff = 0.0f;
    m_vPosMul = D3DXVECTOR3( 0, 0, 0 );
    m_vDirMul = D3DXVECTOR3( 0, 0, 0 );


    m_fCurrentTime = 0.0f;
    m_vCenter = D3DXVECTOR3( 0, 0, 0 );
    m_fStartTime = 0.0f;


    m_vFlashColor = D3DXVECTOR4( 0, 0, 0, 0 );


    m_PST = PST_DEFAULT;
}

3. 初始化粒子数组

void CParticleSystem::Init()
{
    for( UINT i = 0; i < m_NumParticles; i++ )
    {
        m_pParticles[i].vPos.x = RPercent() * m_fSpread;
        m_pParticles[i].vPos.y = RPercent() * m_fSpread;
        m_pParticles[i].vPos.z = RPercent() * m_fSpread;
        m_pParticles[i].vPos.x *= m_vPosMul.x;
        m_pParticles[i].vPos.y *= m_vPosMul.y;
        m_pParticles[i].vPos.z *= m_vPosMul.z;
        m_pParticles[i].vPos += m_vCenter;

        m_pParticles[i].vDir.x = RPercent();
        m_pParticles[i].vDir.y = fabs( RPercent() );
        m_pParticles[i].vDir.z = RPercent();
        m_pParticles[i].vDir.x *= m_vDirMul.x;
        m_pParticles[i].vDir.y *= m_vDirMul.y;
        m_pParticles[i].vDir.z *= m_vDirMul.z;

        D3DXVec3Normalize( &m_pParticles[i].vDir, &m_pParticles[i].vDir );
        m_pParticles[i].fRadius = m_fStartSize;
        m_pParticles[i].fLife = m_fStartTime;
        m_pParticles[i].fFade = 0.0f;

        m_pParticles[i].fRot = RPercent() * 3.14159f * 2.0f;

        float fLerp = RPercent();
        D3DXVECTOR4 vColor = m_vColor0 * fLerp + m_vColor1 * ( 1.0f - fLerp );
        m_pParticles[i].Color = ( DWORD )( vColor.w * 255.0f ) << 24;
        m_pParticles[i].Color |= ( ( DWORD )( vColor.z * 255.0f ) & 255 ) << 16;
        m_pParticles[i].Color |= ( ( DWORD )( vColor.y * 255.0f ) & 255 ) << 8;
        m_pParticles[i].Color |= ( ( DWORD )( vColor.x * 255.0f ) & 255 );
    }

    m_bStarted = false;
    m_fCurrentTime = m_fStartTime;
}

4.更新粒子系统

void CParticleSystem::AdvanceSystem( float fTime, float fElapsedTime, D3DXVECTOR3 vRight, D3DXVECTOR3 vUp,
                                     D3DXVECTOR3 vWindVel, D3DXVECTOR3 vGravity )
{
    if( m_fCurrentTime > 0 )
    {
        for( UINT i = 0; i < m_NumParticles; i++ )
        {
            float t = m_pParticles[i].fLife / m_fLifeSpan;
            float tm1 = t - 1.0f;
            float fSizeLerp = 1.0f - pow( tm1, m_fSizeExponent );
            float fSpeedLerp = 1.0f - pow( tm1, m_fSpeedExponent );
            float fFadeLerp = 1.0f - pow( tm1, m_fFadeExponent );


            float fSize = fSizeLerp * m_fEndSize + ( 1.0f - fSizeLerp ) * m_fStartSize;
            float fSpeed = fSpeedLerp * m_fEndSpeed + ( 1.0f - fSpeedLerp ) * m_fStartSpeed;
            float fFade = fFadeLerp;


            D3DXVECTOR3 vVel = m_pParticles[i].vDir * fSpeed;
            float fRot = 0.0f;
            float fWindAmt = 1.0f;


            vVel += vWindVel * fWindAmt;


            m_pParticles[i].vPos += fElapsedTime * vVel;


            m_pParticles[i].fRadius = fSize;


            m_pParticles[i].fLife += fElapsedTime;
            m_pParticles[i].fFade = fFade;


            m_pParticles[i].fRot += fRot;


            m_pParticles[i].bVisible = true;
        }
        if( !m_bStarted )
        {
            m_bStarted = true;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        for( UINT i = 0; i < m_NumParticles; i++ )
        {
            m_pParticles[i].bVisible = false;
            m_pParticles[i].fLife += fElapsedTime;
        }
    }


    m_fCurrentTime += fElapsedTime;
}

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介绍D3D sampler 中 deffer particle ， 在射击类游戏中可以有非常绚丽效果，上图

其实呢，原理还是比较容易理解的

1. Alpha Blend

2.diffuse light