由于这段时间较忙,自从上次我发布了一个供初学者学习的“MFC”程序后,就没怎么写文章了。这段时间在忙新的项目,项目逻辑还算复杂,用了好多有闪光点的技术,下面我要讨论的是闪光点之一:在C++中实现C#的delegate机制。
用过C#的朋友都觉得C#的确是个好语言,但有时由于特殊需要,不得不用C++,在C++中要想实现C#中的Thread等也是可行的,不过代码要稍复杂。
以例子来说明:
01.
class
Sdk
02.
{
03.
public
:
04.
void
DoSomething();
05.
};
06.
07.
class
client
08.
{
09.
public
:
10.
Sdk m_sdk;
11.
void
DoSomething{}
12.
{
13.
m_sdk.DoSomething();
14.
}
15.
16.
void
OnMessage()
17.
{
18.
//
19.
}
20.
}
这个例子比较简单,Sdk用来实现某个功能,client是客户程序,要想在m_sdk做处理的时候能发送通知到client,有几个方法可以实现, 其一是发线程消息,其一是回调,但传统的回调对面向对象的支持并不好,这就是实现delegate的出发点。 下面是一个实现:
01.
class
Delegate
02.
{
03.
public
:
04.
virtual
~Delegate(
void
){ }
05.
virtual
void
operator()(
void
) = 0;
06.
};
07.
template
<
typename
C >
08.
class
DelegateImpl :
public
Delegate
09.
{
10.
private
:
11.
typedef
void
(C::*F)(
void
);
12.
C* m_class;
13.
F m_fun;
14.
public
:
15.
DelegateImpl(C* c, F f){ m_class = c; m_fun = f; }
16.
virtual
void
operator()(
void
)
17.
{
18.
if
(m_class)
19.
return
(m_class-> *m_fun)();
20.
}
21.
};
有了上面代码,再稍加修改sdk和client代码就能实现事件通知了:
01.
class
Sdk
02.
{
03.
public
:
04.
Delegate* pEvent;
05.
sdk(): pEvent(NULL) { }
06.
void
DoSomething()
07.
{
08.
cout < <
"opened"
< < endl;
09.
if
(pEvent != NULL)
10.
(*pEvent)( );
11.
}
12.
};
13.
14.
class
client
15.
{
16.
private
:
17.
Sdk m_sdk;
18.
19.
public
:
20.
client()
21.
{
22.
m_sdk.pEvent =
new
Delegate < client > (
this
, OnOpen);
23.
}
24.
void
DoSomething()
25.
{
26.
m_sdk.DoSomething();
27.
}
28.
29.
void
OnDoSomething()
30.
{
31.
cout < <
"event fired"
> >endl;
32.
}
33.
}
上面的实现有不少局限性,事件处理方法的返回值和参数设置不是十分灵活,因此可以用宏定义优代以上代码, 下面给出我的全部代码,请朋友指正。
001.
/
002.
//delegate 0
003.
#define DEFINE_DELEGATE(NAME, R)\
004.
class
NAME##Delegate\
005.
{\
006.
public
:\
007.
virtual
~NAME##Delegate(
void
){ }\
008.
virtual
R operator()(
void
) = 0;\
009.
};\
010.
template
<
typename
C>\
011.
class
NAME##DelegateImpl :
public
NAME##Delegate\
012.
{\
013.
private
:\
014.
typedef
R (C::*F)(
void
);\
015.
C* m_class;\
016.
F m_fun;\
017.
public
:\
018.
NAME##DelegateImpl(C* c, F f){ m_class = c; m_fun = f; }\
019.
virtual
R operator()(
void
)\
020.
{\
021.
if
(m_class)\
022.
return
(m_class->*m_fun)();\
023.
}\
024.
};\
025.
template
<
typename
C,
typename
F>\
026.
NAME##Delegate* Make##NAME##Delegate(C* c, F f)\
027.
{\
028.
return
new
NAME##DelegateImpl< C >(c, f);\
029.
}
030.
/
031.
//delegate 1
032.
#define DEFINE_DELEGATE(NAME, R, P1)\
033.
class
NAME##Delegate\
034.
{\
035.
public
:\
036.
virtual
~NAME##Delegate(
void
){ }\
037.
virtual
R operator()(P1 p1) = 0;\
038.
};\
039.
template
<
typename
C >\
040.
class
NAME##DelegateImpl :
public
NAME##Delegate\
041.
{\
042.
private
:\
043.
typedef
R (C::*F)(P1);\
044.
C* m_class;\
045.
F m_fun;\
046.
public
:\
047.
NAME##DelegateImpl(C* c, F f){ m_class = c; m_fun = f; }\
048.
virtual
R operator()(P1 p1)\
049.
{\
050.
if
(m_class)\
051.
return
(m_class->*m_fun)(p1);\
052.
}\
053.
};\
054.
template
<
typename
C,
typename
F>\
055.
NAME##Delegate* Make##NAME##Delegate(C* c, F f)\
056.
{\
057.
return
new
NAME##DelegateImpl< C>(c, f);\
058.
}
059.
/
060.
//delegate 2
061.
#define DEFINE_DELEGATE(NAME, R, P1, P2)\
062.
class
NAME##Delegate\
063.
{\
064.
public
:\
065.
virtual
~NAME##Delegate(
void
){ }\
066.
virtual
R operator()(P1 p1, P2 p2) = 0;\
067.
};\
068.
template
<
typename
C >\
069.
class
NAME##DelegateImpl :
public
NAME##Delegate\
070.
{\
071.
private
:\
072.
typedef
R (C::*F)(P1, P2);\
073.
C* m_class;\
074.
F m_fun;\
075.
public
:\
076.
NAME##DelegateImpl(C* c, F f){ m_class = c; m_fun = f; }\
077.
virtual
R operator()(P1 p1, P2 p2)\
078.
{\
079.
if
(m_class)\
080.
return
(m_class->*m_fun)(p1, p2);\
081.
}\
082.
};\
083.
template
<
typename
C,
typename
F>\
084.
NAME##Delegate* Make##NAME##Delegate(C* c, F f)\
085.
{\
086.
return
new
NAME##DelegateImpl< C>(c, f);\
087.
}
088.
089.
/*
090.
///
091.
//sample
092.
DEFINE_DELEGATE(Open, void, int, string)
093.
class sdk
094.
{
095.
public:
096.
OpenDelegate* pEvent;
097.
sdk(): pEvent(NULL) { }
098.
void Open()
099.
{
100.
cout < < ;"opened"> >endl;
101.
if(pEvent != NULL)
102.
(*pEvent)(100, "你好");
103.
}
104.
};
105.
class client
106.
{
107.
private:
108.
sdk m_sdk;
109.
public:
110.
client()
111.
{
112.
m_sdk.pEvent = MakeOpenDelegate(this, OnOpen2);
113.
}
114.
void Open()
115.
{
116.
m_sdk.Open();
117.
}
118.
void OnOpen()
119.
{
120.
cout< < ;"Open event fired" > >endl;
121.
}
122.
void OnOpen2(int t, string str)
123.
{
124.
cout< < "Open event fired, Param = "< < t < < "param2 = "< < str.c_str() < < endl;
125.
}
126.
};
127.
*/