一、描述:
概念:提供一种方法顺序访问一个聚合对象中各个元素,而又不需暴露该对象的内部表示。
Iterator 模式典型的结构图为:
Iterator 模式中定义的对外接口可以视客户成员的便捷定义,但是基本的接口在图中的Iterator 中已经给出了(参考 STL 的 Iterator 就知道了)。
二、实例
周五下午,我正在看技术网站,第六感官发觉有人在身后,扭头一看,我 C,老大站在背后,赶忙站起来,“王经理,你找我?” 我说。
“哦,在看技术呀。有个事情找你谈一下,你到我办公室来一下。” 老大说。到老大办公室,“是这样,刚刚我在看季报,我们每个项目的支出费用都很高,项目情况复杂,人员情况也不简单,我看着也有点糊涂,你看,这是我们现在还在开发或者维护的 103 个项目,你能不能先把这些项目信息重新打印一份给我,咱们好查查到底有什么问题。”
老大说。“这个好办,我马上去办”我爽快的答复道。 很快我设计了一个类图,并开始实施:
老大一看,非常 Happy,这么快就出结果了,大大的把我夸奖了一番,然后就去埋头去研究那堆枯燥的报表了,然后我回到座位上,又看了一遍程序(心里很乐,就又想看看自己的成果),想想了,应该还有另外一种实现方式,因为是遍历嘛,让我想到的就是迭代器模式,我先把类图画出来:
main(),客户
IProject,产品接口
CProject,产品类
IIterator,迭代器接口
IProjectIterator,产品迭代器接口
CProjectIterator,产品迭代器实现类
Convert,整型转字符型
说明:CProject实现产品类,能够返回一个迭代器的指针。这个迭代器将封装产品类里的一个数组。所以迭代器在运行Next函数时,可以遍历这个数组的所有元素。
简单来说,就是用代码实现vector<int>::iterator或vector<int>::const_iterator。
代码:
迭代器接口:IIterator类
IIterator.h
#ifndef __Iterator__IIterator__
#define __Iterator__IIterator__
#include <iostream>
#include "IProject.h"
class IProject;
class IIterator
{
public:
IIterator(void)
{
}
virtual ~IIterator(void)
{
}
virtual bool HasNext() = 0;
virtual IProject * Next() = 0;
};
#endif /* defined(__Iterator__IIterator__) */
产品迭代器接口:IProjectIterator类
IProjectIterator.h
#ifndef __Iterator__IProjectIterator__
#define __Iterator__IProjectIterator__
#include <iostream>
#include "IIterator.h"
class IProject;
class IProjectIterator:public IIterator
{
public:
IProjectIterator(void)
{
}
virtual ~IProjectIterator(void)
{
}
virtual bool HasNext() = 0;
virtual IProject * Next() = 0;
};
#endif /* defined(__Iterator__IProjectIterator__) */
产品迭代器实现类:CProjectIterator类
CProjectIterator.h
#ifndef __Iterator__ProjectIterator__
#define __Iterator__ProjectIterator__
#include <iostream>
#include "IProjectIterator.h"
#include "IProject.h"
#include <vector>
using std::vector;
class CProjectIterator:public IProjectIterator
{
public:
//构造函数传入projectList
CProjectIterator(vector<IProject *> pl);
~CProjectIterator(void);
//判断是否还有元素,必须实现
bool HasNext();
//取得下一个值
IProject * Next();
private:
vector<IProject *> m_projectList; //所有的项目都放在这里vector中
size_t m_currentItem;
};
#endif /* defined(__Iterator__ProjectIterator__) */
CProjectIterator.cpp
#include "ProjectIterator.h"
CProjectIterator::CProjectIterator(vector<IProject *> pl) : m_projectList(pl)
{
m_currentItem = 0;
}
CProjectIterator::~CProjectIterator(void)
{
}
bool CProjectIterator::HasNext()
{
bool b = true;
if (m_currentItem >= m_projectList.size())
b = false;
return b;
}
IProject * CProjectIterator::Next()
{
IProject *pp = m_projectList.at(m_currentItem ++);
return pp;
}
产品接口:IProject类
IProject.h
#ifndef __Iterator__IProject__
#define __Iterator__IProject__
#include <iostream>
#include "IProjectIterator.h"
class IProjectIterator;
using std::string;
class IProject
{
public:
IProject(void)
{
}
virtual ~IProject(void)
{
}
//增加项目
virtual void Add(string name, int num, int cost) = 0;
//从老板这里看到的就是项目信息
virtual string GetProjectInfo() = 0;
//获得一个可以被遍历的对象
virtual IProjectIterator* GetIterator() = 0;
virtual void Erase() = 0;
};
#endif /* defined(__Iterator__IProject__) */
产品类:CProject类
CProject.h
#ifndef __Iterator__Project__
#define __Iterator__Project__
#include <iostream>
#include "IProject.h"
#include "IProjectIterator.h"
#include "ProjectIterator.h"
#include <vector>
using std::string;
using std::vector;
class CProject :public IProject {
public:
CProject(void);
//定义一个构造函数,把所有老板需要看到的信息存储起来
CProject(string name, int num, int cost);
~CProject(void);
//得到项目的信息
string GetProjectInfo();
//增加项目
void Add(string name, int num, int cost);
//产生一个遍历对象
IProjectIterator * GetIterator();
//删除一个对象
void Erase();
private:
string m_name; //项目名称
int m_num; //项目成员数量
int m_cost; //项目费用
vector<IProject*> m_projectList; //定义一个项目列表,说有的项目都放在这里
};
#endif /* defined(__Iterator__Project__) */
CProject.cpp
#include "Project.h"
#include "Convert.h"
CProject::CProject( void )
{
m_name = "";
m_num = 0;
m_cost = 0;
}
CProject::CProject(string name, int num, int cost) :m_name(name), m_num(num), m_cost(cost)
{
}
CProject::~CProject(void)
{
}
string CProject::GetProjectInfo()
{
string info = "";
info.append("项目名称是:");
info.append(this->m_name);
info.append("\t项目人数:");
info.append(CConvert::ToString(m_num));
info.append("\t项目费用:");
info.append(CConvert::ToString(m_cost));
return info;
}
void CProject::Add( string name, int num, int cost )
{
this->m_projectList.push_back(new CProject(name, num, cost));
}
IProjectIterator * CProject::GetIterator()
{
return new CProjectIterator(this->m_projectList);
}
void CProject::Erase()
{
vector<IProject*>::reverse_iterator projectDelIt = m_projectList.rbegin();
for (; projectDelIt != m_projectList.rend(); projectDelIt++)
{
delete (*projectDelIt);
(*projectDelIt) = NULL;
}
m_projectList.clear();
}
整型转字符型:Convert类
Convert.h
#include <iostream>
using std::string;
#ifdef COMMONDECLARE_EXPORTS
#define COMMONDECLARE_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define COMMONDECLARE_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
class COMMONDECLARE_API CConvert
{
public:
CConvert(void);
~CConvert(void);
static string ToString(int i);
};
Convert.cpp
#include "Convert.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
using std::string;
using std::stringstream;
CConvert::CConvert(void)
{
}
CConvert::~CConvert(void)
{
}
string CConvert::ToString(int i)
{
stringstream ss;
ss << i;
string result = ss.str();
return result;
}
客户:main
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "IProject.h"
#include "Project.h"
#include "Convert.h"
#include "ProjectIterator.h"
#include <vector>
using std::vector;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
void DoIt()
{
cout << "----------未使用迭代模式----------" << endl;
vector<IProject*> projectList;
projectList.push_back(new CProject("星球大战项目", 10, 100000));
projectList.push_back(new CProject("扭转时空项目", 100, 10000000));
projectList.push_back(new CProject("超人改造项目", 10000, 1000000000));
for (int i = 4; i < 6; i ++)
{
string name = "";
name.append("第");
name.append(CConvert::ToString(i));
name.append("个项目");
projectList.push_back(new CProject(name, i * 5, i * 1000000));
}
vector<IProject*>::const_iterator projectIt = projectList.begin();
for (; projectIt != projectList.end(); projectIt++)
cout << (*projectIt)->GetProjectInfo().c_str() << endl;
vector<IProject*>::reverse_iterator projectDelIt = projectList.rbegin();
for (; projectDelIt != projectList.rend(); projectDelIt++)
{
delete (*projectDelIt);
(*projectDelIt) = NULL;
}
projectList.clear();
}
void DoNew()
{
cout << "----------使用迭代模式----------" << endl;
IProject *pproject = new CProject();
pproject->Add("星球大战项目", 10, 100000);
pproject->Add("扭转时空项目", 100, 10000000);
pproject->Add("超人改造项目", 10000, 1000000000);
for (int i = 4; i < 6; i ++)
{
string name = "";
name.append("第");
name.append(CConvert::ToString(i));
name.append("个项目");
pproject->Add(name, i * 5, i * 1000000);
}
IProjectIterator *pprojectIt = pproject->GetIterator();
while(pprojectIt->HasNext())
{
IProject *p = dynamic_cast<IProject*>(pprojectIt->Next());
cout << p->GetProjectInfo().c_str() << endl;
}
delete pprojectIt;
pprojectIt = NULL;
pproject->Erase();
delete pproject;
pproject = NULL;
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
//使用Iterator模式之前
DoIt();
//使用Iterator
DoNew();
// insert code here...
std::cout << "Hello, World!\n";
return 0;
}
结果如下:
参考文献:《设计模式之禅》,《GoF_23种设计模式解析》
参考博客: http://www.cnblogs.com/wanggary/archive/2011/04/19/2021600.html