OpenCV学习笔记（十五）形状检测

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-11 08:27:13 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-11 08:27:13 发布

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分类专栏： OpenCV 文章标签： opencv

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/spw_1201/article/details/53690321

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本文主要介绍了使用OpenCV进行形状检测中的轮廓检测技术，重点讲解了findContours函数的使用，包括参数模式、轮廓检索模式和轮廓近似方法，以及如何在图像中绘制轮廓。

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1 轮廓检测

图像目标中的形状检测是图像识别的重要的技术之一，对物体进行检测并提取，首先要做的就是提取物体的轮廓信息，然后在通过点集特征选择相应的算法进行处理，最后得到物体的形状信息。轮廓形状是我们看到物体最开始的印象，轮廓提取的原理是通过对图像进行二值化，利用边缘点连接的层次差别，提取位于数结构特征高的区域点集构成的集合，这部分最可能是物体的轮廓。

主要用到的函数findContours()对物体轮廓进行检测。

void findContours(InputOutputArray image, OutputArrayOfArrays contours, OutputArray hierarchy, int mode, int method, Point offset=Point())

image – Source, an 8-bit single-channel image. Non-zero pixels are treated as 1’s. Zero pixels remain 0’s, so the image is treated as binary . You can use compare() , inRange() , threshold() , adaptiveThreshold() ,Canny() , and others to create a binary image out of a grayscale or color one. The function modifies the imagewhile extracting the contours.
contours – Detected contours. Each contour is stored as a vector of points.
hiararchy – Optional output vector containing information about the image topology. It has as many elements as the number of contours. For each contour contours[i] , the elements hierarchy[i][0] , hiearchy[i][1] ,hiearchy[i][2] , and hiearchy[i][3] are set to 0-based indices in contours of the next and previous contours at the same hierarchical level: the first child contourand the parent contour, respectively. If for a contour ithere are no next, previous, parent, or nested contours, the corresponding elements of hierarchy[i] will be negative.
mode –
Contour retrieval mode.
- CV_RETR_EXTERNAL retrieves only the extreme outer contours. It sets hierarchy[i][2]=hierarchy[i][3]=-1 for all the contours.
- CV_RETR_LIST retrieves all of the contours without establishing any hierarchical relationships.
- CV_RETR_CCOMP retrieves all of the contours and organizes them into a two-level hierarchy. At the top level, there are external boundaries of the components. At the second level, there are bound