上个星期还看到ARM被日本软银给收购了，由此大家都很熟悉的ARM变成了一家日资企业，祝愿它能更好的发展~
今天要介绍一下STM32的启动代码，我这里使用的是中容量的STM32f103c8t6,对应的启动文件就是startup_stm32f10x_md.s，我这里启动文件版本是V3.6.2
不多说废话，先上我注释过的源码：
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file startup_stm32f10x_md.s
* @author MCD Application Team
* @version V3.6.2
* @date 28-February-2013
* @brief STM32F10x Medium Density Devices vector table for RIDE7 toolchain.
* This module performs:
* - Set the initial SP -设置最初的SP寄存器值
* - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler, -设置最初的PC寄存器值 == Reset_Handler
* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address -在有特殊的ISR(中断服务程序)地址的情况下设置向量表入口
* - Configure the clock system -设置时钟系统
* - Branches to main in the C library (which eventually -C库文件中由分支到主函数（最后调用了主函数）
* calls main()).
* After Reset the Cortex-M3 processor is in Thread mode, 在线程模式下复位了CM3处理器后，此时优先级特权化，栈顶设置为主函数
* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* <h2><center>© COPYRIGHT 2013 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
*
* Licensed under MCD-ST Liberty SW License Agreement V2, (the "License");
* You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at:
*
* http://www.st.com/software_license_agreement_liberty_v2
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
.syntax unified ;表示使用了统一汇编语言语法
.cpu cortex-m3 ;MCU为CM3
.fpu softvfp
.thumb ;指令集
.global g_pfnVectors ;global使得g_pfnVectors可以被其他目标文件使用
.global Default_Handler
/* start address for the initialization values of the .data section. 初始化.data 块的起始地址，这个地址在链接脚本中被定义
defined in linker script */
.word _sidata
/* start address for the .data section. defined in linker script .data块的起始地址，这个地址在链接脚本中被定义*/
.word _sdata
/* end address for the .data section. defined in linker script .data块的结束地址，这个地址在链接脚本中被定义*/
.word _edata
/* start address for the .bss section. defined in linker script .bss块的起始地址，这个地址在链接脚本中被定义*/
.word _sbss
/* end address for the .bss section. defined in linker script .bss块的结束地址，这个地址在链接脚本中被定义*/
.word _ebss
.equ BootRAM, 0xF108F85F /*这里跟c中的宏定义类似，即BootRAM = 0xF108F85F,不参与编译*/
/**
* @brief This is the code that gets called when the processor first
* starts execution following a reset event. Only the absolutely
* necessary set is performed, after which the application
* supplied main() routine is called.
* @param None
* @retval : None
*/
.section .text.Reset_Handler
.weak Reset_Handler
.type Reset_Handler, %function
Reset_Handler:
/* Copy the data segment initializers from flash to SRAM 将初始化了的数据段从flash复制到SRAM*/
movs r1, #0 ;将立即数0赋值给r1寄存器
b LoopCopyDataInit ;程序转移到LoopCopyDataInit处
CopyDataInit: ;从FLASH中拷贝地址在sdata和edata之间的代码到SRAM中
ldr r3, =_sidata ;从存储器中将_sidata加载到寄存器r3中
ldr r3, [r3, r1] ;从地址r3+r1处读取一个字（32bit）到r3中
str r3, [r0, r1] ;把寄存器r3的值存储到存储器中地址为r0+r1地址处
adds r1, r1, #4 ;r1 = r1 + 4
LoopCopyDataInit:
ldr r0, =_sdata ;从存储器中将_sidata加载到寄存器r0中
ldr r3, =_edata ;从存储器中将_edata加载到寄存器r3中
adds r2, r0, r1 ;r2=r0+r1
cmp r2, r3 ;计算r2 - r3,若小于0，标志位为0，反之为1
bcc CopyDataInit ;如果标志位为0（无借位）即r2<r3，则跳转到CopyDataInit处
ldr r2, =_sbss ;从存储器中将_sbss加载到寄存器r2中
b LoopFillZerobss ;无条件跳转到LoopFillZerobss
/* Zero fill the bss segment. */
FillZerobss:
movs r3, #0 ;将立即数0存入寄存器r3
str r3, [r2], #4 ;将寄存器r3的值存储到地址为r2寄存器值得地址处后，r2 = r2 + 4
LoopFillZerobss:
ldr r3, = _ebss ;从存储器中将_ebss加载到寄存器r3中
cmp r2, r3 ;比较r2,r3，然后更新标志位
bcc FillZerobss ;如果标志位为0（无借位），则跳转到FillZerobss处
/* Call the clock system intitialization function.*/
/* bl SystemInit */
/* Call the application's entry point.*/
bl main ;转移到main函数起始处
bx lr ;转移到地址lr处
.size Reset_Handler, .-Reset_Handler ;相当于mov pc lr lr即寄存器r14
/**
* @brief This is the code that gets called when the processor receives an
* unexpected interrupt. This simply enters an infinite loop, preserving
* the system state for examination by a debugger.
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
.section .text.Default_Handler,"ax",%progbits
Default_Handler:
Infinite_Loop:
b Infinite_Loop ;无条件跳转到Infinite_Loop
.size Default_Handler, .-Default_Handler
/******************************************************************************
*
* The minimal vector table for a Cortex M3. Note that the proper constructs Cortex M3的最小向量表
* must be placed on this to ensure that it ends up at physical address
* 0x0000.0000.
*
******************************************************************************/
.section .isr_vector,"a",%progbits ;定义中断向量表的数据段
.type g_pfnVectors, %object
.size g_pfnVectors, .-g_pfnVectors
g_pfnVectors:
.word _estack ;在当前位置放置一个word型的值，这个值为_estack；后面同理
.word Reset_Handler ;这一块程序的意思就是说以g_pfnVectors为初始地址，然后依次
.word NMI_Handler ;以字为单位写入相应的数据
.word HardFault_Handler
.word MemManage_Handler
.word BusFault_Handler
.word UsageFault_Handler
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word SVC_Handler
.word DebugMon_Handler
.word 0
.word PendSV_Handler
.word SysTick_Handler
.word WWDG_IRQHandler
.word PVD_IRQHandler
.word TAMPER_IRQHandler
.word RTC_IRQHandler
.word FLASH_IRQHandler
.word RCC_IRQHandler
.word EXTI0_IRQHandler
.word EXTI1_IRQHandler
.word EXTI2_IRQHandler
.word EXTI3_IRQHandler
.word EXTI4_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
.word DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
.word ADC1_2_IRQHandler
.word USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
.word USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
.word CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
.word CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
.word EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
.word TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
.word TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
.word TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
.word TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
.word TIM2_IRQHandler
.word TIM3_IRQHandler
.word TIM4_IRQHandler
.word I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
.word I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
.word I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
.word I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
.word SPI1_IRQHandler
.word SPI2_IRQHandler
.word USART1_IRQHandler
.word USART2_IRQHandler
.word USART3_IRQHandler
.word EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
.word RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
.word USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word 0
.word BootRAM /* @0x108. This is for boot in RAM mode for 这个是为stm32f10系列中容量系列设备的boot中的RAM模式准备的
STM32F10x Medium Density devices. */
/*******************************************************************************
*
* Provide weak aliases for each Exception handler to the Default_Handler.
* As they are weak aliases, any function with the same name will override
* this definition.
*
*******************************************************************************/
.weak NMI_Handler ;定义一个弱别名NMI_Handler
.thumb_set NMI_Handler,Default_Handler ;如果这个不重写这个弱别名，那么默认执行Default_Handler，反之这执行重写过的NMI_Handler
.weak HardFault_Handler
.thumb_set HardFault_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak MemManage_Handler
.thumb_set MemManage_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak BusFault_Handler
.thumb_set BusFault_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak UsageFault_Handler
.thumb_set UsageFault_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak SVC_Handler
.thumb_set SVC_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak DebugMon_Handler
.thumb_set DebugMon_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak PendSV_Handler
.thumb_set PendSV_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak SysTick_Handler
.thumb_set SysTick_Handler,Default_Handler
.weak WWDG_IRQHandler
.thumb_set WWDG_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak PVD_IRQHandler
.thumb_set PVD_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TAMPER_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TAMPER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak RTC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set RTC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak FLASH_IRQHandler
.thumb_set FLASH_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak RCC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set RCC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI0_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI0_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
.thumb_set DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak ADC1_2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set ADC1_2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
.thumb_set CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI9_5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_UP_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM1_CC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak TIM4_IRQHandler
.thumb_set TIM4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C1_EV_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C1_ER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C2_EV_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
.thumb_set I2C2_ER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SPI1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SPI1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak SPI2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set SPI2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USART1_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USART1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USART2_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USART2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USART3_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USART3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
.thumb_set EXTI15_10_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
.thumb_set RTCAlarm_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
.weak USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
.thumb_set USBWakeUp_IRQHandler,Default_Handler
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
如果有注释不准确的地方还希望能够给我指出，感谢感谢~~
这里以STM32程序运行过程为轴线，依次介绍单片机启动过程中的流程。
在给单片机上电前，先通过给BOOT0和BOOT1连接高低电平来设置程序启动的初始位置。STM32程序启动的位置有三种：
1：Main Flash memory
是STM32内置的Flash，一般我们使用JTAG或者SWD模式下载程序时，就是下载到这个里面，重启后也直接从这启动程序。
2：System memory
从系统存储器启动，这种模式启动的程序功能是由厂家设置的。一般来说，这种启动方式用的比较少。
3：Embedded Memory
内置SRAM，既然是SRAM，自然也就没有程序存储的能力了，这个模式一般用于程序调试。
在这三种方式里面用的最多的是第一种，下面以第一种启动方式为例进行介绍：
在重启芯片时，SYSCLK的第4个上升沿，BOOT引脚的值将被锁存。然后进入启动文件，具体的启动文件为startup_stm32f10x_md.s。
首先启动文件中有一个Reset_Handler，这个汇编函数的作用有两个：
a.将FLASH中的程序代码拷贝到SRAM中
b.将系统堆栈初始化（清0）
然后进入main，从而进入c的世界。
但是启动文件到这里还没有结束，后面还有一个部分。
这个部分的作用是定义了一个段来存放中断向量表，然后以字的形式分别填入了中断的指针。
在这以后还有一个部分，后面这个部分的作用是给中断服务定义了一个弱别名，这个弱别名的作用就是在有中断被触发后，如果没有重写对应的弱别名，那么程序就默认执行默认的中断处理函数（Default_Handler），反之则执行重写了的中断处理函数
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