中容量STM32处理器启动代码的理解

  上个星期还看到ARM被日本软银给收购了,由此大家都很熟悉的ARM变成了一家日资企业,祝愿它能更好的发展~

  今天要介绍一下STM32的启动代码,我这里使用的是中容量的STM32f103c8t6,对应的启动文件就是startup_stm32f10x_md.s,我这里启动文件版本是V3.6.2


  不多说废话,先上我注释过的源码:

  

/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file      startup_stm32f10x_md.s
  * @author    MCD Application Team
  * @version   V3.6.2
  * @date      28-February-2013
  * @brief     STM32F10x Medium Density Devices vector table for RIDE7 toolchain.
  *            This module performs:
  *                - Set the initial SP                                              -设置最初的SP寄存器值
  *                - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler,							 -设置最初的PC寄存器值 == Reset_Handler
  *                - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address    -在有特殊的ISR(中断服务程序)地址的情况下设置向量表入口
  *                - Configure the clock system 									 -设置时钟系统
  *                - Branches to main in the C library (which eventually			 -C库文件中由分支到主函数(最后调用了主函数)
  *                  calls main()).
  *            After Reset the Cortex-M3 processor is in Thread mode,				 在线程模式下复位了CM3处理器后,此时优先级特权化,栈顶设置为主函数
  *            priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; COPYRIGHT 2013 STMicroelectronics</center></h2>
  *
  * Licensed under MCD-ST Liberty SW License Agreement V2, (the "License");
  * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *
  *        http://www.st.com/software_license_agreement_liberty_v2
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
    
  .syntax unified                                                                   ;表示使用了统一汇编语言语法
	.cpu cortex-m3                                                                  ;MCU为CM3
	.fpu softvfp
	.thumb                                                                          ;指令集

.global	g_pfnVectors                                                                ;global使得g_pfnVectors可以被其他目标文件使用
.global	Default_Handler

/* start address for the initialization values of the .data section.                初始化.data 块的起始地址,这个地址在链接脚本中被定义
defined in linker script */
.word	_sidata
/* start address for the .data section. defined in linker script                    .data块的起始地址,这个地址在链接脚本中被定义*/  
.word	_sdata
/* end address for the .data section. defined in linker script                      .data块的结束地址,这个地址在链接脚本中被定义*/
.word	_edata
/* start address for the .bss section. defined in linker script                     .bss块的起始地址,这个地址在链接脚本中被定义*/
.word	_sbss
/* end address for the .bss section. defined in linker script                       .bss块的结束地址,这个地址在链接脚本中被定义*/
.word	_ebss

.equ  BootRAM, 0xF108F85F                                                           /*这里跟c中的宏定义类似,即BootRAM = 0xF108F85F,不参与编译*/
/**
 * @brief  This is the code that gets called when the processor first
 *          starts execution following a reset event. Only the absolutely
 *          necessary set is performed, after which the application
 *          supplied main() routine is called. 
 * @param  None
 * @retval : None
*/

    .section	.text.Reset_Handler
	.weak	Reset_Handler
	.type	Reset_Handler, %function
Reset_Handler:	

/* Copy the data segment initializers from flash to SRAM                             将初始化了的数据段从flash复制到SRAM*/  
  movs	r1, #0                                                                       ;将立即数0赋值给r1寄存器
  b	LoopCopyDataInit                                                                 ;程序转移到LoopCopyDataInit处

CopyDataInit:                                                                        ;从FLASH中拷贝地址在sdata和edata之间的代码到SRAM中
	ldr	r3, =_sidata                                                                 ;从存储器中将_sidata加载到寄存器r3中
	ldr	r3, [r3, r1]                                                                 ;从地址r3+r1处读取一个字(32bit)到r3中
	str	r3, [r0, r1]                                                                 ;把寄存器r3的值存储到存储器中地址为r0+r1地址处
	adds	r1, r1, #4                                                               ;r1 = r1 + 4
    
LoopCopyDataInit:
	ldr	r0, =_sdata                                                                  ;从存储器中将_sidata加载到寄存器r0中
	ldr	r3, =_edata                                                                  ;从存储器中将_edata加载到寄存器r3中
	adds	r2, r0, r1                                                               ;r2=r0+r1
	cmp	r2, r3                                                                       ;计算r2 - r3,若小于0,标志位为0,反之为1
	bcc	CopyDataInit                                                                 ;如果标志位为0(无借位)即r2<r3,则跳转到CopyDataInit处
	ldr	r2, =_sbss                                                                   ;从存储器中将_sbss加载到寄存器r2中
	b	LoopFillZerobss                                                              ;无条件跳转到LoopFillZerobss
/* Zero fill the bss segment. */  
FillZerobss:
	movs	r3, #0                                                                   ;将立即数0存入寄存器r3
	str	r3, [r2], #4                                                                 ;将寄存器r3的值存储到地址为r2寄存器值得地址处后,r2 = r2 + 4
    
LoopFillZerobss:
	ldr	r3, = _ebss                                                                  ;从存储器中将_ebss加载到寄存器r3中
	cmp	r2, r3                                                                       ;比较r2,r3,然后更新标志位
	bcc	FillZerobss                                                                  ;如果标志位为0(无借位),则跳转到FillZerobss处
/* Call the clock system intitialization function.*/
/* bl  SystemInit */
/* Call the application's entry point.*/
	bl	main                                                                         ;转移到main函数起始处
	bx	lr                                                                           ;转移到地址lr处
.size	Reset_Handler, .-Reset_Handler                                               ;相当于mov pc lr    lr即寄存器r14

/**
 * @brief  This is the code that gets called when the processor receives an 
 *         unexpected interrupt. This simply enters an infinite loop, preserving
 *         the system state for examination by a debugger.
 * @param  None     
 * @retval None       
*/
    .section	.text.Default_Handler,"ax",%progbits
Default_Handler:
Infinite_Loop:                                                                           
	b	Infinite_Loop                                                                ;无条件跳转到Infinite_Loop
	.size	Default_Handler, .-Default_Handler
/******************************************************************************
*
* The minimal vector table for a Cortex M3.  Note that the proper constructs         Cortex M3的最小向量表
* must be placed on this to ensure that it ends up at physical address
* 0x0000.0000.
*
******************************************************************************/    
 	.section	.isr_vector,"a",%progbits                                            ;定义中断向量表的数据段
	.type	g_pfnVectors, %object
	.size	g_pfnVectors, .-g_pfnVectors
    
    
g_pfnVectors:
	.word	_estack                                                                  ;在当前位置放置一个word型的值,这个值为_estack;后面同理
	.word	Reset_Handler                                                            ;这一块程序的意思就是说以g_pfnVectors为初始地址,然后依次
	.word	NMI_Handler                                                              ;以字为单位写入相应的数据
	.word	HardFault_Handler
	.word	MemManage_Handler
	.word	BusFault_Handler
	.word	UsageFault_Handler
	.word	0
	.word	0
	.word	0
	.word	0
	.word	SVC_Handler
	.word	DebugMon_Handler
	.word	0
	.word	PendSV_Handler
	.word	SysTick_Handler
	.word	WWDG_IRQHandler
	.word	PVD_IRQHandler
	.word	TAMPER_IRQHandler
	.word	RTC_IRQHandler
	.word	FLASH_IRQHandler
	.word	RCC_IRQHandler
	.word	EXTI0_IRQHandler
	.word	EXTI1_IRQHandler
	.word	EXTI2_IRQHandler
	.word	EXTI3_IRQHandler
	.word	EXTI4_IRQHandler
	.word	DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
	.word	DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
	.word	DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
	.word	DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
	.word	DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
	.word	DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
	.word	DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
	.word	ADC1_2_IRQHandler
	.word	USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
	.word	USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
	.word	CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
	.word	CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
	.word	EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
	.word	TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
	.word	TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
	.word	TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
	.word	TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
	.word	TIM2_IRQHandler
	.word	TIM3_IRQHandler
	.word	TIM4_IRQHandler
	.word	I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
	.word	I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
	.word	I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
	.word	I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
	.word	SPI1_IRQHandler
	.word	SPI2_IRQHandler
	.word	USART1_IRQHandler
	.word	USART2_IRQHandler
	.word	USART3_IRQHandler
	.word	EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
	.word	RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
	.word	USBWakeUp_IRQHandler	
  .word	0
	.word	0
	.word	0
	.word	0
	.word	0
	.word	0
	.word	0
	.word	BootRAM          /* @0x108. This is for boot in RAM mode for             这个是为stm32f10系列中容量系列设备的boot中的RAM模式准备的
                            STM32F10x Medium Density devices. */
   
/*******************************************************************************
*
* Provide weak aliases for each Exception handler to the Default_Handler. 
* As they are weak aliases, any function with the same name will override 
* this definition.
*
*******************************************************************************/
    
  .weak	NMI_Handler                                                                 ;定义一个弱别名NMI_Handler
	.thumb_set NMI_Handler,Default_Handler                                          ;如果这个不重写这个弱别名,那么默认执行Default_Handler,反之这执行重写过的NMI_Handler
	
  .weak	HardFault_Handler
	.thumb_set HardFault_Handler,Default_Handler
	
  .weak	MemManage_Handler
	.thumb_set MemManage_Handler,Default_Handler
	
  .weak	BusFault_Handler
	.thumb_set BusFault_Handler,Default_Handler

	.weak	UsageFault_Handler
	.thumb_set UsageFault_Handler,Default_Handler

	.weak	SVC_Handler
	.thumb_set SVC_Handler,Default_Handler

	.weak	DebugMon_Handler
	.thumb_set DebugMon_Handler,Default_Handler

	.weak	PendSV_Handler
	.thumb_set PendSV_Handler,Default_Handler

	.weak	SysTick_Handler
	.thumb_set SysTick_Handler,Default_Handler

	.weak	WWDG_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set WWDG_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	PVD_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set PVD_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	TAMPER_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set TAMPER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	RTC_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set RTC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	FLASH_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set FLASH_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	RCC_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set RCC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	EXTI0_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set EXTI0_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	EXTI1_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set EXTI1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	EXTI2_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set EXTI2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	EXTI3_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set EXTI3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	EXTI4_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set EXTI4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	ADC1_2_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set ADC1_2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set EXTI9_5_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set TIM1_UP_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set TIM1_CC_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	TIM2_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set TIM2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	TIM3_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set TIM3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	TIM4_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set TIM4_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set I2C1_EV_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set I2C1_ER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set I2C2_EV_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set I2C2_ER_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	SPI1_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set SPI1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	SPI2_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set SPI2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	USART1_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set USART1_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	USART2_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set USART2_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	USART3_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set USART3_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set EXTI15_10_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set RTCAlarm_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

	.weak	USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
	.thumb_set USBWakeUp_IRQHandler,Default_Handler

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

如果有注释不准确的地方还希望能够给我指出,感谢感谢~~


这里以STM32程序运行过程为轴线,依次介绍单片机启动过程中的流程。

  在给单片机上电前,先通过给BOOT0和BOOT1连接高低电平来设置程序启动的初始位置。STM32程序启动的位置有三种:

  1:Main Flash memory

  是STM32内置的Flash,一般我们使用JTAG或者SWD模式下载程序时,就是下载到这个里面,重启后也直接从这启动程序。

  2:System memory

  从系统存储器启动,这种模式启动的程序功能是由厂家设置的。一般来说,这种启动方式用的比较少。

  3:Embedded Memory

  内置SRAM,既然是SRAM,自然也就没有程序存储的能力了,这个模式一般用于程序调试。

 

  在这三种方式里面用的最多的是第一种,下面以第一种启动方式为例进行介绍:

  在重启芯片时,SYSCLK的第4个上升沿,BOOT引脚的值将被锁存。然后进入启动文件,具体的启动文件为startup_stm32f10x_md.s。

  首先启动文件中有一个Reset_Handler,这个汇编函数的作用有两个:

   a.将FLASH中的程序代码拷贝到SRAM中

   b.将系统堆栈初始化(清0)

  然后进入main,从而进入c的世界。


但是启动文件到这里还没有结束,后面还有一个部分。

这个部分的作用是定义了一个段来存放中断向量表,然后以字的形式分别填入了中断的指针。

在这以后还有一个部分,后面这个部分的作用是给中断服务定义了一个弱别名,这个弱别名的作用就是在有中断被触发后,如果没有重写对应的弱别名,那么程序就默认执行默认的中断处理函数(Default_Handler),反之则执行重写了的中断处理函数


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