Observer Pattern 观察者模式:
一.定义:
观察者模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系,让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象。这个主题对象在状态上发生变化时,会通知所有的观察者对象,让他们能够自动更新自己:
二.组成:
1.抽象主题角色:(也就是被观察者的抽象)
package com.designPattern.observer;
public interface watched {
public void addWatcher(Watcher watcher);
public void removeWatcher(Watcher watcher);
public void notifyAllWatcher();
}
2.抽象观察者角色: (也就是观察者的抽象)
package com.designPattern.observer;
public interface Watcher {
public void update();
}
3.具体主题角色:(也就是具体被观察者对象)
package com.designPattern.observer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class ConcreteWatched implements watched {
private List<Watcher> list = new ArrayList<Watcher>();
@Override
public void addWatcher(Watcher watcher) {
list.add(watcher);
}
@Override
public void removeWatcher(Watcher watcher) {
list.remove(watcher);
}
@Override
public void notifyAllWatcher() {
for (Watcher watch : list) {
watch.update();
}
}
}
4.具体观察者角色:
package com.designPattern.observer;
public class ConcreteWatcher implements Watcher {
private String id;
public ConcreteWatcher(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public void update() {
System.out.println("i am happy! " + this.id);
}
}
ok 以上是这个观察者模式的4个主要组成。 下面main调用:
package com.designPattern.observer;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建一个被观察者
ConcreteWatched watched = new ConcreteWatched();
// 创建4个观察者
ConcreteWatcher watcher1 = new ConcreteWatcher("zhaan");
ConcreteWatcher watcher2 = new ConcreteWatcher("lisi");
ConcreteWatcher watcher3 = new ConcreteWatcher("xiaopin");
// 把watcher1 到watcher3 这四个观察者注册到一个共同的主题watched上
watched.addWatcher(watcher1);
watched.addWatcher(watcher2);
watched.addWatcher(watcher3);
// 类似于addActionListener()函数把实现 ActionListener接口的类的对象注册到了button上。
watched.addWatcher(new Watcher() {
@Override
//类似于actionPerformed()函数
public void update() {
System.out.println("i am happy!ooooooppppp ");
}
});
watched.addWatcher(new ConcreteWatcher("hehe"));
watched.notifyAllWatcher(); // 调用被观察者的notifyAllWatcher()函数,实际为遍历了所有依赖于该观察者的角色
}
}
输出结果:
i am happy! zhaan
i am happy! lisi
i am happy! xiaopin
i am happy!ooooooppppp
i am happy! hehe