一、绘制普通散点图
1.什么是散点图
散点图,顾名思义就是使用一些散乱的点来展示数据的一种图表,这些点在哪个位置,是由其X值和Y值确定的,因此散点图也叫做XY散点图,散点图适用于展示不同时间下离散数据的差异。
2.绘制基本散点图
绘制基本散点图的代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
<!-- 步骤1:引入echarts.js文件 -->
<script src="js/echarts.js"></script>
<!--
步骤1:引入echarts.js文件
步骤2:准备一个呈现图表的盒子
步骤3:初始化echarts实例对象
步骤4:准备配置项
步骤5:将配置项设置给echarts实例对象
-->
</head>
<body>
<!-- 步骤2:准备一个呈现图表的盒子 -->
<div style="width: 600px;height: 400px"></div>
<script>
// 步骤3:初始化echarts实例对象
// 参数, dom,决定图表最终呈现的位置
var mCharts = echarts.init(document.querySelector('div'))
// 步骤4:准备配置项
option = {
xAxis: {},
yAxis: {},
series: [
{
symbolSize: 20,
data: [
[10.0, 8.04],
[8.07, 6.95],
[13.0, 7.58],
[9.05, 8.81],
[11.0, 8.33],
[14.0, 7.66],
[13.4, 6.81],
[10.0, 6.33],
[14.0, 8.96],
[12.5, 6.82],
[9.15, 7.2],
[11.5, 7.2],
[3.03, 4.23],
[12.2, 7.83],
[2.02, 4.47],
[1.05, 3.33],
[4.05, 4.96],
[6.03, 7.24],
[12.0, 6.26],
[12.0, 8.84],
[7.08, 5.82],
[5.02, 5.68]
],
type: 'scatter'
}
]
};
// 步骤5:将配置项设置给echarts实例对象
mCharts.setOption(option);
</script>
</body>
上述代码展示的结果如下图所示:
二、绘制带涟漪特效的散点图
在ECharts中,通过使用effectScatter可以设置带有涟漪特效的散点图。
绘制带有涟漪特效的散点图代码为:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
<!-- 步骤1:引入echarts.js文件 -->
<script src="js/echarts.js"></script>
<!--
步骤1:引入echarts.js文件
步骤2:准备一个呈现图表的盒子
步骤3:初始化echarts实例对象
步骤4:准备配置项
步骤5:将配置项设置给echarts实例对象
-->
</head>
<body>
<!-- 步骤2:准备一个呈现图表的盒子 -->
<div style="width: 600px;height: 400px"></div>
<script>
// 步骤3:初始化echarts实例对象
// 参数, dom,决定图表最终呈现的位置
var mCharts = echarts.init(document.querySelector('div'))
// 步骤4:准备配置项
option = {
xAxis: {
scale: true
},
yAxis: {
scale: true
},
series: [
{
type: 'effectScatter',
symbolSize: 20,
data: [
[172.7, 105.2],
[153.4, 42]
]
},
{
type: 'scatter',
// prettier-ignore
data: [[161.2, 51.6], [167.5, 59.0], [159.5, 49.2], [157.0, 63.0], [155.8, 53.6],
[170.0, 59.0], [159.1, 47.6], [166.0, 69.8], [176.2, 66.8], [160.2, 75.2],
[172.5, 55.2], [170.9, 54.2], [172.9, 62.5], [153.4, 42.0], [160.0, 50.0],
[147.2, 49.8], [168.2, 49.2], [175.0, 73.2], [157.0, 47.8], [167.6, 68.8],
[159.5, 50.6], [175.0, 82.5], [166.8, 57.2], [176.5, 87.8], [170.2, 72.8],
[174.0, 54.5], [173.0, 59.8], [179.9, 67.3], [170.5, 67.8], [160.0, 47.0],
[154.4, 46.2], [162.0, 55.0], [176.5, 83.0], [160.0, 54.4], [152.0, 45.8],
[162.1, 53.6], [170.0, 73.2], [160.2, 52.1], [161.3, 67.9], [166.4, 56.6],
[168.9, 62.3], [163.8, 58.5], [167.6, 54.5], [160.0, 50.2], [161.3, 60.3],
[167.6, 58.3], [165.1, 56.2], [160.0, 50.2], [170.0, 72.9], [157.5, 59.8],
[167.6, 61.0], [160.7, 69.1], [163.2, 55.9], [152.4, 46.5], [157.5, 54.3],
[168.3, 54.8], [180.3, 60.7], [165.5, 60.0], [165.0, 62.0], [164.5, 60.3],
[156.0, 52.7], [160.0, 74.3], [163.0, 62.0], [165.7, 73.1], [161.0, 80.0],
[162.0, 54.7], [166.0, 53.2], [174.0, 75.7], [172.7, 61.1], [167.6, 55.7],
[151.1, 48.7], [164.5, 52.3], [163.5, 50.0], [152.0, 59.3], [169.0, 62.5],
[164.0, 55.7], [161.2, 54.8], [155.0, 45.9], [170.0, 70.6], [176.2, 67.2],
[170.0, 69.4], [162.5, 58.2], [170.3, 64.8], [164.1, 71.6], [169.5, 52.8],
[163.2, 59.8], [154.5, 49.0], [159.8, 50.0], [173.2, 69.2], [170.0, 55.9],
[161.4, 63.4], [169.0, 58.2], [166.2, 58.6], [159.4, 45.7], [162.5, 52.2],
[159.0, 48.6], [162.8, 57.8], [159.0, 55.6], [179.8, 66.8], [162.9, 59.4],
[161.0, 53.6], [151.1, 73.2], [168.2, 53.4], [168.9, 69.0], [173.2, 58.4],
[171.8, 56.2], [178.0, 70.6], [164.3, 59.8], [163.0, 72.0], [168.5, 65.2],
[166.8, 56.6], [172.7, 105.2], [163.5, 51.8], [169.4, 63.4], [167.8, 59.0],
[159.5, 47.6], [167.6, 63.0], [161.2, 55.2], [160.0, 45.0], [163.2, 54.0],
[162.2, 50.2], [161.3, 60.2], [149.5, 44.8], [157.5, 58.8], [163.2, 56.4],
[172.7, 62.0], [155.0, 49.2], [156.5, 67.2], [164.0, 53.8], [160.9, 54.4],
[162.8, 58.0], [167.0, 59.8], [160.0, 54.8], [160.0, 43.2], [168.9, 60.5],
[158.2, 46.4], [156.0, 64.4], [160.0, 48.8], [167.1, 62.2], [158.0, 55.5],
[167.6, 57.8], [156.0, 54.6], [162.1, 59.2], [173.4, 52.7], [159.8, 53.2],
[170.5, 64.5], [159.2, 51.8], [157.5, 56.0], [161.3, 63.6], [162.6, 63.2],
[160.0, 59.5], [168.9, 56.8], [165.1, 64.1], [162.6, 50.0], [165.1, 72.3],
[166.4, 55.0], [160.0, 55.9], [152.4, 60.4], [170.2, 69.1], [162.6, 84.5],
[170.2, 55.9], [158.8, 55.5], [172.7, 69.5], [167.6, 76.4], [162.6, 61.4],
[167.6, 65.9], [156.2, 58.6], [175.2, 66.8], [172.1, 56.6], [162.6, 58.6],
[160.0, 55.9], [165.1, 59.1], [182.9, 81.8], [166.4, 70.7], [165.1, 56.8],
[177.8, 60.0], [165.1, 58.2], [175.3, 72.7], [154.9, 54.1], [158.8, 49.1],
[172.7, 75.9], [168.9, 55.0], [161.3, 57.3], [167.6, 55.0], [165.1, 65.5],
[175.3, 65.5], [157.5, 48.6], [163.8, 58.6], [167.6, 63.6], [165.1, 55.2],
[165.1, 62.7], [168.9, 56.6], [162.6, 53.9], [164.5, 63.2], [176.5, 73.6],
[168.9, 62.0], [175.3, 63.6], [159.4, 53.2], [160.0, 53.4], [170.2, 55.0],
[162.6, 70.5], [167.6, 54.5], [162.6, 54.5], [160.7, 55.9], [160.0, 59.0],
[157.5, 63.6], [162.6, 54.5], [152.4, 47.3], [170.2, 67.7], [165.1, 80.9],
[172.7, 70.5], [165.1, 60.9], [170.2, 63.6], [170.2, 54.5], [170.2, 59.1],
[161.3, 70.5], [167.6, 52.7], [167.6, 62.7], [165.1, 86.3], [162.6, 66.4],
[152.4, 67.3], [168.9, 63.0], [170.2, 73.6], [175.2, 62.3], [175.2, 57.7],
[160.0, 55.4], [165.1, 104.1], [174.0, 55.5], [170.2, 77.3], [160.0, 80.5],
[167.6, 64.5], [167.6, 72.3], [167.6, 61.4], [154.9, 58.2], [162.6, 81.8],
[175.3, 63.6], [171.4, 53.4], [157.5, 54.5], [165.1, 53.6], [160.0, 60.0],
[174.0, 73.6], [162.6, 61.4], [174.0, 55.5], [162.6, 63.6], [161.3, 60.9],
[156.2, 60.0], [149.9, 46.8], [169.5, 57.3], [160.0, 64.1], [175.3, 63.6],
[169.5, 67.3], [160.0, 75.5], [172.7, 68.2], [162.6, 61.4], [157.5, 76.8],
[176.5, 71.8], [164.4, 55.5], [160.7, 48.6], [174.0, 66.4], [163.8, 67.3]
]
}
]
};
// 步骤5:将配置项设置给echarts实例对象
mCharts.setOption(option);
</script>
</body>
上述代码展示的效果图如下图所示:
三、绘制汽泡图
上面绘制的散点图只有两个变量,如果想要再增加变量,就可以使用点的大小来表示。汽泡图是在基础散点图上添加了一个维度,即用气泡大小表示一个新的维度。
汽泡图和散点图最直观的区别在于:散点图中的数据点大小一样,气泡图中的气泡大小不相同。
绘制标准汽泡图的代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
<!-- 步骤1:引入echarts.js文件 -->
<script src="js/echarts.js"></script>
<!--
步骤1:引入echarts.js文件
步骤2:准备一个呈现图表的盒子
步骤3:初始化echarts实例对象
步骤4:准备配置项
步骤5:将配置项设置给echarts实例对象
-->
</head>
<body>
<!-- 步骤2:准备一个呈现图表的盒子 -->
<div style="width: 600px;height: 400px"></div>
<script>
// 步骤3:初始化echarts实例对象
// 参数, dom,决定图表最终呈现的位置
var mCharts = echarts.init(document.querySelector('div'))
// 步骤4:准备配置项
const data = [
[
[28604, 77, 17096869, 'Australia', 1990],
[31163, 77.4, 27662440, 'Canada', 1990],
[1516, 68, 1154605773, 'China', 1990],
[13670, 74.7, 10582082, 'Cuba', 1990],
[28599, 75, 4986705, 'Finland', 1990],
[29476, 77.1, 56943299, 'France', 1990],
[31476, 75.4, 78958237, 'Germany', 1990],
[28666, 78.1, 254830, 'Iceland', 1990],
[1777, 57.7, 870601776, 'India', 1990],
[29550, 79.1, 122249285, 'Japan', 1990],
[2076, 67.9, 20194354, 'North Korea', 1990],
[12087, 72, 42972254, 'South Korea', 1990],
[24021, 75.4, 3397534, 'New Zealand', 1990],
[43296, 76.8, 4240375, 'Norway', 1990],
[10088, 70.8, 38195258, 'Poland', 1990],
[19349, 69.6, 147568552, 'Russia', 1990],
[10670, 67.3, 53994605, 'Turkey', 1990],
[26424, 75.7, 57110117, 'United Kingdom', 1990],
[37062, 75.4, 252847810, 'United States', 1990]
],
[
[44056, 81.8, 23968973, 'Australia', 2015],
[43294, 81.7, 35939927, 'Canada', 2015],
[13334, 76.9, 1376048943, 'China', 2015],
[21291, 78.5, 11389562, 'Cuba', 2015],
[38923, 80.8, 5503457, 'Finland', 2015],
[37599, 81.9, 64395345, 'France', 2015],
[44053, 81.1, 80688545, 'Germany', 2015],
[42182, 82.8, 329425, 'Iceland', 2015],
[5903, 66.8, 1311050527, 'India', 2015],
[36162, 83.5, 126573481, 'Japan', 2015],
[1390, 71.4, 25155317, 'North Korea', 2015],
[34644, 80.7, 50293439, 'South Korea', 2015],
[34186, 80.6, 4528526, 'New Zealand', 2015],
[64304, 81.6, 5210967, 'Norway', 2015],
[24787, 77.3, 38611794, 'Poland', 2015],
[23038, 73.13, 143456918, 'Russia', 2015],
[19360, 76.5, 78665830, 'Turkey', 2015],
[38225, 81.4, 64715810, 'United Kingdom', 2015],
[53354, 79.1, 321773631, 'United States', 2015]
]
];
option = {
backgroundColor: new echarts.graphic.RadialGradient(0.3, 0.3, 0.8, [
{
offset: 0,
color: '#f7f8fa'
},
{
offset: 1,
color: '#cdd0d5'
}
]),
title: {
text: 'Life Expectancy and GDP by Country',
left: '5%',
top: '3%'
},
legend: {
right: '10%',
top: '3%',
data: ['1990', '2015']
},
grid: {
left: '8%',
top: '10%'
},
xAxis: {
splitLine: {
lineStyle: {
type: 'dashed'
}
}
},
yAxis: {
splitLine: {
lineStyle: {
type: 'dashed'
}
},
scale: true
},
series: [
{
name: '1990',
data: data[0],
type: 'scatter',
symbolSize: function (data) {
return Math.sqrt(data[2]) / 5e2;
},
emphasis: {
focus: 'series',
label: {
show: true,
formatter: function (param) {
return param.data[3];
},
position: 'top'
}
},
itemStyle: {
shadowBlur: 10,
shadowColor: 'rgba(120, 36, 50, 0.5)',
shadowOffsetY: 5,
color: new echarts.graphic.RadialGradient(0.4, 0.3, 1, [
{
offset: 0,
color: 'rgb(251, 118, 123)'
},
{
offset: 1,
color: 'rgb(204, 46, 72)'
}
])
}
},
{
name: '2015',
data: data[1],
type: 'scatter',
symbolSize: function (data) {
return Math.sqrt(data[2]) / 5e2;
},
emphasis: {
focus: 'series',
label: {
show: true,
formatter: function (param) {
return param.data[3];
},
position: 'top'
}
},
itemStyle: {
shadowBlur: 10,
shadowColor: 'rgba(25, 100, 150, 0.5)',
shadowOffsetY: 5,
color: new echarts.graphic.RadialGradient(0.4, 0.3, 1, [
{
offset: 0,
color: 'rgb(129, 227, 238)'
},
{
offset: 1,
color: 'rgb(25, 183, 207)'
}
])
}
}
]
};
// 步骤5:将配置项设置给echarts实例对象
mCharts.setOption(option);
</script>
</body>
上述代码汽泡图的效果图如下所示:
四、绘制仪表盘
仪表盘(Cauge)也被称为投号表图或速度表图,用于显示类似于拨号/速度计上的数据,是一种拟物化的震不形式。仪表盘是常用商业 BI 类的图表之一,可以轻松展示用户的数据,并能清晰看出某个指标值所在的范围。为了更直观地查看项目的实际完成率数据,以及汽车的速度、发动机的转速、油表和水表的现状,需要在 EChart's 中绘制单仪表盘和多仪表盘进行展示。
在仪表盘中,颜色可以用于划分指示值的类别,而刻度、指针指示维度、指针角度则可用于表示数值。仪表盘别需分配最小值和最大值,并定义一个颜色范围,指针将显示出关键指标的数据或当前进度。仪表盘可应用于诸如速度、体积、温度、进度、完成率、满意度等。
1.绘制单仪表盘
绘制单仪表盘的代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
<!-- 步骤1:引入echarts.js文件 -->
<script src="js/echarts.js"></script>
<!--
步骤1:引入echarts.js文件
步骤2:准备一个呈现图表的盒子
步骤3:初始化echarts实例对象
步骤4:准备配置项
步骤5:将配置项设置给echarts实例对象
-->
</head>
<body>
<!-- 步骤2:准备一个呈现图表的盒子 -->
<div style="width: 600px;height: 400px"></div>
<script>
// 步骤3:初始化echarts实例对象
// 参数, dom,决定图表最终呈现的位置
var mCharts = echarts.init(document.querySelector('div'))
// 步骤4:准备配置项
option = {
tooltip: {
formatter: '{a} <br/>{b} : {c}%'
},
series: [
{
name: 'Pressure',
type: 'gauge',
detail: {
formatter: '{value}'
},
data: [
{
value: 60,
name: '仪表盘'
}
]
}
]
};
// 步骤5:将配置项设置给echarts实例对象
mCharts.setOption(option);
</script>
</body>
单仪表盘代码的效果图:
2.绘制多仪表盘
绘制多仪表盘的代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- <script src="../../lib/echarts.js"></script>-->
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/echarts/5.3.0/echarts.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="main" style="width: 900px; height: 600px"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var myChart = echarts.init(document.getElementById("main"),'dark');
var color1 = [[0.33, "rgba(0,255,0,1)"], [0.5, "rgba(0,255,255,1)"],[1, "rgba(255,0,0,1)"] ];
var option = {
backgroundColor:'rgb(0,0,0,1)',
title:{
text:'汽车仪表盘',
textStyle:{
fontsize:30,
color:'#DC143C'
},
x:'45%',
y:'10%'
},
tooltip:{
formatter:'{a}<br/>{b}:{c}'
},
series:[
{
name:'仪表盘',
type:'gauge',
min:0,
max:240,
radius:'50%',
splitNumber:12,
axisLine:{
lineStyle:{
width:5,
color:color1,
}
},
axisTick:{
length:10,splitNumber: 5,lineStyle: {color:'#FDCF20'}
},
splitLine:{
length: 20,
lineStyle:{color: '#FDCF20',}
},
title:{
textStyle:{fontWeight:'bolder',fontsize:20,fontStyle:'italic',color:'auto'},
},
pointer:{
show:true,
length:'75%',
width: 10
},
itemStyle:{
color:color1,
shadowBlur: 20,
shadowColor: "pink",
},
detail:{
show:true,
color:'auto',
formatter: '{value}'
},
data:
[ {name:'速度表(km/h)', value:20},
]
},
{
name: '转速', type: 'gauge',
center: ['20%', '55%'], //设置转速仪表盘中心点的位置,默认全局居中
radius: '35%', //设置转速油表仪表盘的大小
min: 0, //设置转速仪表盘的最小值
max: 7, //设置转速仪表盘的最大值
endAngle: 45,
splitNumber: 7, //设置转速仪表盘的分隔数目为7
axisLine: { show:true,lineStyle: { width: 4 ,color:color1} }, //设置属性lineStyle控制线条样式
axisTick: { //设置坐标轴小标记
length: 6, //设置属性length控制线长
splitNumber: 5, //设置坐标轴小标记的分隔数目为5
lineStyle: { //设置属性lineStyle控制线条样式
color: '#FDCF20'
}
},
splitLine: { //设置分隔线
length: 10, //设置属性length控制线长
lineStyle: { //设置属性lineStyle(详见lineStyle)控制线条样式
color: '#FDCF20'
}
},
pointer:{
show:true,
length:'70%',
width: 5
},
itemStyle:{
color:color1,
shadowBlur: 20, //设置(发光效果)图形阴影的模糊大小
shadowColor: "pink", //设置阴影颜色,支持的格式同color
},
title: {
offsetCenter: ['30% ', '-30%'],
textStyle:{fontWeight:'bolder',fontsize:3,fontStyle:'italic',color:'auto'},
},
detail: { textStyle: { fontWeight: 'bolder' ,fontSize:20,color:'auto'},formatter: '{value} ' },
data: [{ value: 1.5, name: '转速(x1000 r/m)' }]
},
{
name:'里程',type:'gauge',
center: ['80%','50%'],
min:0,
max:10,
startAngle:135,
endAngle: 45,
splitNumber: 5,
radius: '35%',
axisLine: {
lineStyle: {color:color1,width:3}
},
axisTick: {
splitNumber: 5,
length: 5,
lineStyle: {color:'#FDCF20'}
},
splitLine: {
length: 15,lineStyle: {color: '#FDCF20'}
},
pointer: {
show: true,
width: 3,
length: '70%'
},
itemStyle: {
color:color1,
shadowBlur: 10,
shadowColor: 'white'
},
title: {
offsetCenter: ['0', '-120%'],
textStyle:{fontWeight:'bolder',fontsize:3,fontStyle:'italic',color:'auto'},
},
detail: { show:false,textStyle: { fontWeight: 'bolder' ,fontSize:20,color:'auto'},formatter: '{value} ' },
data: [{ value: 1.5, name: '里程表(x1000 KM)' }]
},
{
name: '油表', type: 'gauge',
center: ['80%','50%'],
radius: '35%',
min: 0,
max: 2,
startAngle: 315, endAngle: 225,
splitNumber: 2,
axisLine: { lineStyle: { width: 3 ,color: color1} }, //设置属性lineStyle控制线条样式
axisTick: {
splitNumber: 5,
length: 10,
lineStyle: {
color: '#FDCF20'
}
},
axisLabel: {
formatter: function (v) {
switch (v + '') {
case '0': return 'E';
case '1': return '油表';
case '2': return 'F';
}
}
},
splitLine: {
length: 15,
lineStyle: {
color: '#FDCF20'
}
},
pointer: { width: 4 },
itemStyle: {
color:'yellow',
shadowBlur: 10,
shadowColor: 'white'
},
title: { show: false },
detail: { show: false },
data: [{ value: 0.5, name: 'gas' }]
},
]
}
setInterval(function (arg) {
var num = Math.random()
option.series[0].data[0].value = (num*240).toFixed(2);
option.series[1].data[0].value = (num*7).toFixed(2);
option.series[2].data[0].value = (num*10).toFixed(2);
option.series[3].data[0].value = (num*10).toFixed(2);
myChart.setOption(option)
},1000)
</script>
</body>
</html>
多仪表盘的效果图:
wu
五、课本案例实训
1.客户数量与销售额相关分析
- 训练要点
掌握散点图的绘制。
- 需求说明
“销售任务完成情况表.xlsx”记录了完成情况,要通过绘制散点图分析已购买客户数量与销售额之间的关系。
销售任务完成情况表如下图:
绘制散点图的代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<script src="js/echarts.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="main" style="width: 600px;height: 400px;"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var myChar=echarts.init(document.getElementById("main"));
var option={
title:{
text:'散点图',
},
tooltip:{
trigger:'item',
formatter:"{b}{c}",
},
xAxis:{scale:true,name:'销售额'},
yAxis:{scale:true,name:'已购买客户数量'},
series:[
{
type:'scatter',
symbolSize:10,
data:[[3134352.75,468],[8150670.62,1547],[4677846.24,748],[4234075.23,601],[9903786.32,2059],[2657902.04,429],[5128837.07,1012],[3954075.17,561],[2290201.87,422],[6193413.66,1188],[1695026.6,367],[6736514.25,1232],]
}
]
};
myChar.setOption(option);
</script>
</body>
</html>
效果图: