# 源码安装包管理
## 1. 源码包基本概述
在linux环境下面安装源码包是比较常见的, 早期运维管理工作中，大部分软件都是通过源码安装的。那么安装一个源码包，是需要我们自己把源代码编译成二进制的可执行文件。
源码包的编译用到了linux系统里的编译器，通常源码包都是用C语言开发的，这也是因为C语言为linux上最标准的程序语言。Linux上的C语言编译器叫做gcc，利用它就可以把C语言变成可执行的二进制文件。所以如果你的机器上没有安装gcc就没有办法去编译源码。可以使用`yum -y install gcc`来完成安装。
## 2.源码包的安装
编译需要编译环境，开发环境，开发库，开发工具。
常用的编译环境有c、c++、perl、java、python5种
c环境的编译器：gcc（GNU C Complier）
c++环境的编译器：g++
make：c、c++的统一项目管理工具，编译时有可能调用gcc也有可能调用g++。使用makefile文件定义make按何种次序去编译源程序文件中的源程序
**源码安装三部曲（常见）：**
**第一步: ./configure（定制组件）**
> 1.指定安装路径，例如 --prefix=/opt/nginx-1.12
> 2.启用或禁用某项功能, 例如 --enable-ssl
> 3.和其它软件关联，例如--with-pcre
> 4.检查安装环境，例如是否有编译器 gcc，是否满足软件的依赖需求
> 5.检测通过后生成Makefile文件
**第二步: make**
> 1.执行make命令进行编译, 可以使用-j指定CPU核心数进行编译
> 2.按Makefile文件进行编译, 编译成可执行二进制文件
> 3.生成各类模块和主程序
**第三步: make install**
> 1.按Makefile定义好的路径拷贝至安装目录中
### 2.1源码包编译实例
##### 下面通过编译安装httpd来深入理解源码包安装（网站apache.org）
```
1.安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++ make vim wget
Complete!
2.创建系统用户
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@localhost ~]# id apache
uid=991(apache) gid=991(apache) groups=991(apache)
3.下载软件包（官网下apache.org）
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-1.7.4.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.58.tar.gz
4.解压软件包
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.4.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.3.tar.gz httpd-2.4.58.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-1.7.4.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.58.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.4 apr-1.7.4.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.3 apr-util-1.6.3.tar.gz httpd-2.4.58 httpd-2.4.58.tar.gz
5.编译软件包
//apr-1.7.4
[root@localhost ~]# cd apr-1.7.4
[root@localhost apr-1.7.4]# ls
apr-config.in apr.pc.in buildconf configure encoding libapr.dsp Makefile.in network_io random support tools
apr.dep apr.spec build-outputs.mk configure.in file_io libapr.mak Makefile.win NOTICE README tables user
apr.dsp atomic CHANGES docs helpers libapr.rc memory NWGNUmakefile README.cmake test
apr.dsw build CMakeLists.txt dso include LICENSE misc passwd shmem threadproc
apr.mak build.conf config.layout emacs-mode libapr.dep locks mmap poll strings time
[root@localhost apr-1.7.4]# vim configure
cfgfile=${ofile}T
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
# $RM "$cfgfile" //注释这一行
[root@localhost apr-1.7.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating include/apr.h
config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-1-config
config.status: creating apr.pc
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
config.status: executing default commands
[root@localhost apr-1.7.4]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost apr-1.7.4]# ls //是否生成makefile文件
apr-1-config apr.mak build CMakeLists.txt configure encoding libapr.dsp locks misc passwd shmem threadproc
apr-config.in apr.pc build.conf config.layout configure.in file_io libapr.mak Makefile mmap poll strings time
apr.dep apr.pc.in buildconf config.log docs helpers libapr.rc Makefile.in network_io random support tools
apr.dsp apr.spec build-outputs.mk config.nice dso include libtool Makefile.win NOTICE README tables user
apr.dsw atomic CHANGES config.status emacs-mode libapr.dep LICENSE memory NWGNUmakefile README.cmake test
[root@localhost apr-1.7.4]# make
[root@localhost apr-1.7.4]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost apr-1.7.4]# make install
[root@localhost apr-1.7.4]# echo $?
0
//apr-util-1.6.3
[root@localhost ~]# cd apr-util-1.6.3
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.3]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.3]# make
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.3]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.3]# make install
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.3]# echo $?
0
//httpd-2.4.58
[root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.58
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.58]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \ //指定配置文件位置，这一行也可以去掉
> --enable-so \ //去掉的话，默认就放在/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
configure: summary of build options:
Server Version: 2.4.58
Install prefix: /usr/local/apache
C compiler: gcc
CFLAGS: -g -O2
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
C preprocessor: gcc -E
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.58]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.58]# make
make[4]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.58/modules/mappers'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.58/modules/mappers'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.58/modules'
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/httpd-2.4.58/support'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.58/support'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.58'
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.58]# echo $?
0
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.58]# make install
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.58]# echo $?
0
6.配置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/apache
[root@localhost apache]# ls
bin build cgi-bin error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules
[root@localhost apache]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost apache]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost apache]# which httpd
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
[root@localhost apache]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/apache
[root@localhost apache]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
#
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man
#---------------------------------------------------------
7.启动apache
//取消这一行注释
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd24/ //进入到配置文件存放的位置
[root@localhost httpd24]# ls
extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original
[root@localhost httpd24]# vim httpd.conf //编辑配置文件
ServerName www.example.com:80
//启动
[root@localhost httpd24]# apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 511 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
8.设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# cp sshd.service httpd.service
[root@localhost system]# apachectl stop
[root@localhost system]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@localhost system]# vim httpd.service
[root@localhost system]# cat httpd.service
[Unit]
Description=httpd server daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost system]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost system]# systemctl status httpd
○ httpd.service - httpd server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
[root@localhost system]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost system]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - httpd server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2023-12-11 14:48:00 CST; 5s ago
Process: 222039 ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 222042 (httpd)
Tasks: 6 (limit: 100179)
Memory: 5.4M
CPU: 31ms
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─222042 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─222043 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─222044 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─222045 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─222046 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
└─222047 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
Dec 11 14:47:59 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting httpd server daemon...
Dec 11 14:48:00 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started httpd server daemon.
[root@localhost system]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 511 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
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