【VRP问题】基于遗传算法求解应急物资配送路径最低成本优化问题附Matlab代码

基于遗传算法求解应急物资配送路径最低成本优化问题的代码如下所示：


% VRP问题 - 应急物资配送路径最低成本优化问题

% 参数设置
numCities = 20; % 城市数量
numVehicles = 5; % 车辆数量
maxGenerations = 100; % 最大迭代次数
populationSize = 50; % 种群大小
mutationRate = 0.02; % 突变率

% 生成城市坐标
cities = rand(numCities, 2);

% 计算城市之间的距离矩阵
distances = pdist2(cities, cities);

% 初始化种群
population = zeros(populationSize, numCities + numVehicles - 1);
for i = 1:populationSize
    population(i, :) = randperm(numCities + numVehicles - 1);
end

% 进化过程
for generation = 1:maxGenerations
    % 计算适应度（成本）
    fitness = zeros(populationSize, 1);
    for i = 1:populationSize
        chromosome = population(i, :);
        fitness(i) = calculateCost(chromosome, distances, numVehicles);
    end
    
    % 选择操作 - 锦标赛选择
    tournamentSize = 5;
    parents = zeros(populationSize, numCities + numVehicles - 1);
    for i = 1:populationSize
        tournament = randperm(populationSize, tournamentSize);
        [~, idx] = min(fitness(tournament));
        parents(i, :) = population(tournament(idx), :);
    end
    
    % 交叉操作 - 部分映射交叉
    offspring = zeros(populationSize, numCities + numVehicles - 1);
    for i = 1:2:populationSize
        parent1 = parents(i, :);
        parent2 = parents(i+1, :);
        offspring(i, :) = parent1;
        offspring(i+1, :) = parent2;
        crossoverPoint1 = randi([2, numCities-1]);
        crossoverPoint2 = randi([crossoverPoint1+1, numCities]);
        offspring(i, crossoverPoint1:crossoverPoint2) = parent2(crossoverPoint1:crossoverPoint2);
        offspring(i+1, crossoverPoint1:crossoverPoint2) = parent1(crossoverPoint1:crossoverPoint2);
    end
    
    % 变异操作 - 交换变异
    for i = 1:populationSize
        if rand < mutationRate
            chromosome = offspring(i, :);
            mutationPoint1 = randi([2, numCities+numVehicles-1]);
            mutationPoint2 = randi([2, numCities+numVehicles-1]);
            temp = chromosome(mutationPoint1);
            chromosome(mutationPoint1) = chromosome(mutationPoint2);
            chromosome(mutationPoint2) = temp;
            offspring(i, :) = chromosome;
        end
    end
    
    % 更新种群
    population = offspring;
end

% 选择最优个体
bestFitness = inf;
bestChromosome = zeros(1, numCities + numVehicles - 1);
for i = 1:populationSize
    chromosome = population(i, :);
    fitness = calculateCost(chromosome, distances, numVehicles);
    if fitness < bestFitness
        bestFitness = fitness;
        bestChromosome = chromosome;
    end
end

% 提取配送路径
vehicleRoutes = cell(1, numVehicles);
start = 1;
for i = 1:numVehicles
    endIdx = find(bestChromosome == numCities + i - 1);
    route = [1, bestChromosome(start:endIdx-1)];
    vehicleRoutes{i} = route;
    start = endIdx + 1;
end

% 显示结果
figure;
hold on;
for i = 1:numVehicles
    route = vehicleRoutes{i};
    routeCities = cities(route, :);
    routeCities = [routeCities; routeCities(1, :)];
    plot(routeCities(:, 1), routeCities(:, 2), '-o');
end
title('Vehicle Routes');
xlabel('X');
ylabel('Y');
grid on;

% 计算成本函数
function cost = calculateCost(chromosome, distances, numVehicles)
    vehicleRoutes = cell(1, numVehicles);
    start = 1;
    for i = 1:numVehicles
        endIdx = find(chromosome== numCities + i - 1);
        route = [1, chromosome(start:endIdx-1)];
        vehicleRoutes{i} = route;
        start = endIdx + 1;
    end
    
    cost = 0;
    for i = 1:numVehicles
        route = vehicleRoutes{i};
        vehicleCost = 0;
        for j = 1:length(route)-1
            city1 = route(j);
            city2 = route(j+1);
            vehicleCost = vehicleCost + distances(city1, city2);
        end
        cost = cost + vehicleCost;
    end
end
这段代码演示了使用遗传算法求解应急物资配送路径最低成本优化问题的过程。首先，根据给定的城市数量和车辆数量生成随机的城市坐标。然后，计算城市之间的距离矩阵。接下来，初始化种群，其中每个个体是一个城市序列，表示车辆的配送路径。然后，通过迭代进行进化过程，包括选择操作、交叉操作和变异操作。在每次迭代中，根据成本函数计算个体的适应度，并根据锦标赛选择策略选择父代个体。然后使用部分映射交叉和交换变异操作生成子代个体。最后，更新种群，重复进行迭代。在迭代完成后，选择最优个体，并提取配送路径。最后，将配送路径可视化显示。