Python编程从入门到实践-学习笔记之四（字典）

第6章 字典

访问字典中的值

添加键值对

创建一个空字典

修改字典中的值

删除键值对

alien.py

alien_0 = {'color':'green', 'points':5}
print(alien_0['color'])
print(alien_0['points'])

new_points = alien_0['points']
print("You just earned " + str(new_points) + " points!")

print(alien_0)
alien_0['x_position'] = 0
alien_0['y_position'] = 25
print(alien_0)

alien_0 = {}
alien_0['color'] = 'green'
alien_0['points'] = 5
print(alien_0)
print("The alien is " + alien_0['color'] + ".")

alien_0['color'] = 'yellow'
print("The alien is now " + alien_0['color'] + ".")

alien_0 = {'x_position':0, 'y_position':25, 'speed': 'medium'}
print("Original x-position: " + str(alien_0['x_position']))

if alien_0['speed'] == 'slow':
	x_increment = 1
elif alien_0['speed'] == 'medium':
	x_increment = 2
else:
	x_increment = 3

alien_0['x_position'] = alien_0['x_position'] + x_increment

print("New x-position: " + str(alien_0['x_position']))

alien_0 = {'color': 'green', 'points': 5}
print(alien_0)

del alien_0['points']
print(alien_0)

由类似对象组成的字典

字典可以储存一个对象的多种信息，也可以存储众多对象的同一种信息。

favorite_languages.py

favorite_languages = {
    'jen': 'python',
    'sarah': 'c',
    'edward': 'ruby',
    'phil': 'python',
    }

print("Sarah's favorite language is " +
    favorite_languages['sarah'].title() +
    ".")

遍历字典

遍历所有的键值对

遍历所有的键

按顺序遍历所有键

遍历所有的值

使用集合set()剔除重复

favorite_languages.py

favorite_languages = {
    'jen': 'python',
    'sarah': 'c',
    'edward': 'ruby',
    'phil': 'python',
    }

print("Sarah's favorite language is " +
    favorite_languages['sarah'].title() +
    ".")

for name, language in favorite_languages.items():
	print(name.title() + "'s favorite language is " + language.title() + ".")
	
for name in favorite_languages.keys():
	print(name.title())

friends = ['phil', 'sarah']
for name in favorite_languages.keys():
	print(name.title())
	if name in friends:
		print(" Hi " + name.title() +
		      ", I see your favorite language is " +
		      favorite_languages[name].title() + "!")

if 'erin' not in favorite_languages.keys():
	print("Erin, please take our poll!")
	
for name in sorted(favorite_languages.keys()):
	print(name.title() + ", thank you for taking the poll.")
	
print("The following languages have been mentioned:")
for language in favorite_languages.values():
	print(language.title())

for language in set(favorite_languages.values()):
	print(language.title())

嵌套

字典列表

aliens.py

alien_0 = {'color': 'green', 'points': 5}
alien_1 = {'color': 'yellow', 'points': 10}
alien_2 = {'color': 'red', 'points': 15}

aliens = [alien_0, alien_1, alien_2]

for alien in aliens:
	print(alien)
	
aliens = []
for alien_number in range(30):
	new_alien = {'color': 'green', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'slow'}
	aliens.append(new_alien)

for alien in aliens[:5]:
	print(alien)
print("...")

print("Total number of aliens: " + str(len(aliens)))

for alien in aliens[0:3]:
	if alien['color'] == 'green':
		alien['color'] = 'yellow'
		alien['speed'] = 'medium'
		alien['points'] = 10

for alien in aliens[0:5]:
	print(alien)
print("...")

在字典中存储列表

pizza.py

pizza = {
    'crust': 'thick',
    'toppings': ['mushrooms', 'extra cheese'],
    }

print("You ordered a " + pizza['crust'] + "-crust pizza " +
    "with the following toppings:")

for topping in pizza['toppings']:
	print("\t" + topping)

favorite_languages2.py

favorite_languages = {
    'jen': ['python', 'ruby'],
    'sarah': ['c'],
    'edward': ['ruby', 'go'],
    'phil': ['python', 'haskell'],
    }

for name, languages in favorite_languages.items():
	print("\n" + name.title() + "'s favorite languages are:")
	for language in languages:
		print("\t" + language.title())

改进

favorite_languages = {
    'jen': ['python', 'ruby'],
    'sarah': ['c'],
    'edward': ['ruby', 'go'],
    'phil': ['python', 'haskell'],
    }

for name, languages in favorite_languages.items():
	if len(languages) > 1:
	    print("\n" + name.title() + "'s favorite languages are:")
	else:
		print("\n" + name.title() + "'s favorite language is:")
	for language in languages:
		print("\t" + language.title())
		

在字典中存储字典

many_users.py

users = {
    'aeinstein': {
        'first': 'albert',
        'last': 'einstein',
        'location': 'princeton',
        },
    'mcurie': {
        'first': 'marie',
        'last': 'curie',
        'location': 'paris',
        }
    }
    
for username, user_info in users.items():
	print("\nUsername: " + username)
	full_name = user_info['first'] + " " + user_info['last']
	location = user_info['location']
	
	print("\tFull name: " + full_name.title())
	print("\tLocation: " + location.title())

2023年9月15日