Learning Log项目学习笔记之二

用户账户

让用户能够输入数据

添加新主题和添加新条目

forms.py

from django import forms
from .models import Topic, Entry

class TopicForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Topic
        fields = ['text']
        labels = {'text': ''}

class EntryForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Entry
        fields =['text']
        labels = {'text': ''}
        widgets = {'text': forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols':80})}

URL模式new_topic和new_entry

urls.py

"""定义learning_logs的URL模式"""
from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'learning_logs'

urlpatterns = [
    # 主页
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    # 显示所有的主题
    path('topics/', views.topics, name='topics'),
    # 特定主题的详细页面
    path('topics/<int:topic_id>/', views.topic, name='topic'),
    # 用于添加新主题的网页
    path('new_topic/', views.new_topic, name='new_topic'),
    # 用于添加新条目的页面
    path('new_entry/<int:topic_id>/', views.new_entry, name='new_entry'),
    # 用于编辑条目的页面
    path('edit_entry/<int:entry_id>/', views.edit_entry, name='edit_entry'),
]

视图函数new_topic()和new_entry()

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Topic, Entry
from .forms import TopicForm, EntryForm
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse

# Create your views here.

def index(request):
    """学习笔记的主页"""
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/index.html')

def topics(request):
    """显示所有的主题"""
    topics = Topic.objects.order_by('date_added')
    context = {'topics':topics}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topics.html', context)

def topic(request, topic_id):
    """显示单个主题及其所有的条目"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
    entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
    context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)

def new_topic(request):
    """添加新主题"""
    if request.method != 'POST':
        form = TopicForm()
    else:
        form = TopicForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topics'))
    
    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_topic.html', context)

def new_entry(request, topic_id):
    """在特定的主题中添加新条目"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)

    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据，创建一个空表单
        form = EntryForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
        form = EntryForm(data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            new_entry = form.save(commit=False)
            new_entry.topic = topic
            new_entry.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic',args=[topic_id]))
        
    context = {'topic': topic, 'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_entry.html', context)

def edit_entry(request, entry_id):
    """编辑既有条目"""
    entry = Entry.objects.get(id=entry_id)
    topic = entry.topic

    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 初次请求，使用当前条目填充表单
        form = EntryForm(instance=entry)
    else:
        # POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
        form = EntryForm(instance=entry, data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic',args=[topic.id]))
        
    context = {'entry': entry, 'topic': topic, 'form':form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/edit_entry.html', context)

模板new_topic

new_topic.html

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}
    <p>Add a new topic</p>

    <form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{form.as_p}}
        <button name="submit">add topic</button>
    </form>

{% endblock content %}

模板new_entry

new_entry.html

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}

    <p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{topic}}</a></p>

    <p>Add a new entry:</p>
    <form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}" method='POST'>
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{form.as_p}}
        <button name="submit">add entry</button>
    </form>

{% endblock content %}

在topics.html页面增加添加新主题的链接

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}

    <p>Topics</p>

    <ul>
        {% for topic in topics %}
            <li>
                <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{topic}}</a>
            </li>
        {% empty %}
            <li>No topics have been added yet.</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>

    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}">Add a new topic:</a>

{% endblock content %}

在topic.html页面中增加添加新技术条目的链接

{% extends 'learning_logs/base.html' %}

{% block content %}

    <p>Topic:{{topic}}</p>

    <p>Entries:</p>
    <p>
        <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}">add new entry</a>
    </p>
    <ul>
    {% for entry in entries %}
        <li>
            <p>{{entry.date_added|date:'M d, Y H:i'}}</p>
            <p>{{entry.text|linebreaks}}</p>
            <p>
                <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}">edit entry</a>
            </p>
        </li>
    {% empty %}
        <li>
            There are no entries for this topic yet.
        </li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>

{% endblock content %}

编辑条目

URL模式edit_entry

urls.py

"""定义learning_logs的URL模式"""
from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'learning_logs'

urlpatterns = [
    # 主页
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    # 显示所有的主题
    path('topics/', views.topics, name='topics'),
    # 特定主题的详细页面
    path('topics/<int:topic_id>/', views.topic, name='topic'),
    # 用于添加新主题的网页
    path('new_topic/', views.new_topic, name='new_topic'),
    # 用于添加新条目的页面
    path('new_entry/<int:topic_id>/', views.new_entry, name='new_entry'),
    # 用于编辑条目的页面
    path('edit_entry/<int:entry_id>/', views.edit_entry, name='edit_entry'),
]

视图函数edit_entry()

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Topic, Entry
from .forms import TopicForm, EntryForm
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse

# Create your views here.

def index(request):
    """学习笔记的主页"""
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/index.html')

def topics(request):
    """显示所有的主题"""
    topics = Topic.objects.order_by('date_added')
    context = {'topics':topics}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topics.html', context)

def topic(request, topic_id):
    """显示单个主题及其所有的条目"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
    entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
    context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)

def new_topic(request):
    """添加新主题"""
    if request.method != 'POST':
        form = TopicForm()
    else:
        form = TopicForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topics'))
    
    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_topic.html', context)

def new_entry(request, topic_id):
    """在特定的主题中添加新条目"""
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)

    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 未提交数据，创建一个空表单
        form = EntryForm()
    else:
        # POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
        form = EntryForm(data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            new_entry = form.save(commit=False)
            new_entry.topic = topic
            new_entry.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic',args=[topic_id]))
        
    context = {'topic': topic, 'form': form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_entry.html', context)

def edit_entry(request, entry_id):
    """编辑既有条目"""
    entry = Entry.objects.get(id=entry_id)
    topic = entry.topic

    if request.method != 'POST':
        # 初次请求，使用当前条目填充表单
        form = EntryForm(instance=entry)
    else:
        # POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
        form = EntryForm(instance=entry, data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic',args=[topic.id]))
        
    context = {'entry': entry, 'topic': topic, 'form':form}
    return render(request, 'learning_logs/edit_entry.html', context)

模板edit_entry

edit_entry.html

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}

{% block content %}

    <p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{topic}}</a></p>

    <p>Edit entry:</p>

    <form action="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}" method="POST">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{form.as_p}}
        <button name="submit">save changes</button>
    </form>

{% endblock content %}

在topic.html页面添加编辑条目的链接

{% extends 'learning_logs/base.html' %}

{% block content %}

    <p>Topic:{{topic}}</p>

    <p>Entries:</p>
    <p>
        <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}">add new entry</a>
    </p>
    <ul>
    {% for entry in entries %}
        <li>
            <p>{{entry.date_added|date:'M d, Y H:i'}}</p>
            <p>{{entry.text|linebreaks}}</p>
            <p>
                <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}">edit entry</a>
            </p>
        </li>
    {% empty %}
        <li>
            There are no entries for this topic yet.
        </li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>

{% endblock content %}

小结：

这一部分涉及的内容，通过表单form添加主题、添加条目和编辑条目。