alien_invasion原代码

目录结构

alien_invasion主项目文件夹
——images图片文件夹：飞船ship、外星人alien的图片
——alien.py外星人类
——alien_invasion.py主程序
——bullet.py子弹类
——button.py按钮类：Play开始游戏
——game_functions.py函数
——game_stats.py游戏状态
——scoreboard.py记分牌类
——settings.py设置类
——ship.py飞船类

alien_invasion.py主程序

import pygame
from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from ship import Ship
from button import Button
from pygame.sprite import Group
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
import game_functions as gf

def run_game():
    pygame.init()
    ai_settings = Settings()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
    
    play_button = Button(screen,"Play")
    stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
    sb = Scoreboard(screen,ai_settings,stats)
    ship = Ship(screen, ai_settings)
    bullets = Group()
    aliens = Group()

    gf.create_fleet(screen,ai_settings,aliens,ship)

    while True:
        gf.check_events(ship,screen,ai_settings,bullets,play_button,stats,aliens,sb)
        if stats.game_active:
            ship.update()
            gf.update_bullets(bullets,aliens,screen,ai_settings,ship,stats,sb)
            gf.update_aliens(aliens,ai_settings,ship,stats,bullets,screen,sb)
        gf.update_screen(screen,ai_settings,ship,bullets,aliens,stats,play_button,sb)

run_game()

settings.py设置类

class Settings():
    def __init__(self):
        self.screen_width, self.screen_height = 1200, 800
        self.bg_color = (230,230,230)

        self.ship_limit = 3

        self.bullet_width, self.bullet_height = 3, 15
        self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)
        self.bullets_allowed = 3

        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10

        self.speedup_scale = 1.1
        self.score_scale = 1.5

        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()    # 动态设置，等级提升后会相应提升数值

    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
        self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
        self.alien_speed_factor = 1
        self.fleet_direction = 1    # 1表示向右，-1表示向左
        self.alien_points = 50

    def increase_speed(self):
        self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
        self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
        self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

game_stats.py游戏状态

class GameStats():
    def __init__(self,ai_settings):
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
        self.reset_stats()
        self.game_active = False
        self.high_score = 0
    
    def reset_stats(self):
        self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit
        self.score = 0
        self.level = 1

button.py按钮类：Play开始游戏

import pygame.font

class Button():
    def __init__(self,screen,msg):
        self.screen = screen
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
        self.width, self.height = 200, 50
        self.button_color = (0,255,0)
        self.text_color = (255,255,255)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

        self.prep_msg(msg)
    
    def prep_msg(self,msg):
        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center

    def draw_button(self):
        self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)    # 显示矩形
        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)    # 显示文字Play

scoreboard.py记分牌类

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship

class Scoreboard():
    def __init__(self,screen,ai_settings,stats):
        self.screen = screen
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
        self.stats = stats
        
        self.text_color = (30,30,30)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

        self.prep_score()    # 当前分数
        self.prep_high_score()    # 最高分数
        self.prep_level()    # 当前等级
        self.prep_ships()    # 剩余飞船数量

    def prep_score(self):
        rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score,-1))    # -1表示小数点左侧前一位四舍五入
        score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)    # 千位分隔符
        self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
        self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
        self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
        self.score_rect.top = 20
    
    def prep_high_score(self):
        high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
        high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
        self.high_score_image =self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
        self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
        self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.high_score_rect.top =self.score_rect.top

    def prep_level(self):
        self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
        self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
        self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
        self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10

    def prep_ships(self):
        self.ships = Group()
        for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):    # 以图片数量表示剩余飞船个数
            ship = Ship(self.screen,self.ai_settings)
            ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
            ship.rect.y = 10
            self.ships.add(ship)

    def show_score(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
        self.ships.draw(self.screen)
        

ship.py飞船类

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):
    def __init__(self,screen,ai_settings):
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = screen
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

        self.image = pygame.image.load("images/ship.bmp")
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
        self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
        self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)

        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False

    def update(self):
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
            self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
            self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor

        self.rect.centerx = self.center

    def blitme(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
    
    def center_ship(self):
        self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx

bullet.py子弹类

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):
    def __init__(self,screen,ai_settings,ship):
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = screen

        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)
        self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
        self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
        self.y = float(self.rect.y)
        self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor

    def update(self):
        self.y -= self.speed_factor
        self.rect.y = self.y

    def draw_bullet(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

alien.py外星人类

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):
    def __init__(self,screen,ai_settings):
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = screen
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

        self.image = pygame.image.load("images/alien.bmp")
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

    def blitme(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

    def check_edges(self):
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
            return True
        elif self.rect.left <= 0:
            return True

    def update(self):
        self.x += self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction
        self.rect.x = self.x

game_functions.py函数

import sys
from time import sleep
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien

def check_keydown_events(event,ship,screen,ai_settings,bullets):
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
        fire_bullet(bullets,ai_settings,screen,ship)
    elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
        sys.exit()

def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = False

def check_events(ship,screen,ai_settings,bullets,play_button,stats,aliens,sb):    # 事件循环
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            check_keydown_events(event,ship,screen,ai_settings,bullets)
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            check_keyup_events(event,ship)
        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
            check_play_button(play_button,mouse_x,mouse_y,stats,aliens,bullets,screen,ai_settings,ship,sb)

def check_play_button(play_button,mouse_x,mouse_y,stats,aliens,bullets,screen,ai_settings,ship,sb):
    button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
    if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:    # 点击Play按钮
        ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)    # 游戏中隐藏鼠标
        stats.reset_stats()
        stats.game_active = True

        sb.prep_score()
        sb.prep_high_score()
        sb.prep_level()
        sb.prep_ships()

        aliens.empty()
        bullets.empty()

        create_fleet(screen,ai_settings,aliens,ship)
        ship.center_ship()
    
def update_screen(screen,ai_settings,ship,bullets,aliens,stats,play_button,sb):
    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
        
    for bullet in bullets.sprites():
        bullet.draw_bullet()
    ship.blitme()
    aliens.draw(screen)
    sb.show_score()

    if not stats.game_active:
        play_button.draw_button()
    
    pygame.display.flip()

def update_bullets(bullets,aliens,screen,ai_settings,ship,stats,sb):
    bullets.update()    # 更新子弹位置
    for bullet in bullets.copy():    # 检测到达屏幕顶部的子弹并将其删除
        if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
            bullets.remove(bullet)
    
    check_bullet_alien_collisions(bullets,aliens,screen,ai_settings,ship,stats,sb)

def check_bullet_alien_collisions(bullets,aliens,screen,ai_settings,ship,stats,sb):     # 子弹和外星人碰撞检测
    collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,False,True)
    if collisions:
        for aliens in collisions.values():
            stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
            sb.prep_score()
        check_high_score(stats,sb)
    if len(aliens) == 0:
        bullets.empty()
        ai_settings.increase_speed()
        stats.level += 1
        sb.prep_level()
        create_fleet(screen,ai_settings,aliens,ship)

def fire_bullet(bullets,ai_settings,screen,ship):    # 开火，发射子弹并加入编组
    if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
        new_bullet = Bullet(screen,ai_settings,ship)
        bullets.add(new_bullet)

def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):    # 计算每行外星人的个数
    available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
    number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x/(2 * alien_width))
    return number_aliens_x

def get_number_rows(ai_settings,alien_height,ship_height):    # 计算外星人的行数
    available_space_y = ai_settings.screen_height - 3 * alien_height - ship_height
    number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
    return number_rows

def create_alien(screen,ai_settings,alien_number,aliens,row_number):    # 创建单个外星人并加入编组
    alien = Alien(screen,ai_settings)
    alien_width = alien.rect.width
    alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
    alien.rect.x = alien.x
    alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
    aliens.add(alien)

def create_fleet(screen,ai_settings,aliens,ship):    # 创建外星人群
    alien = Alien(screen,ai_settings)
    number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
    number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,alien.rect.height,ship.rect.height)

    for row_number in range(number_rows):
        for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
            create_alien(screen,ai_settings,alien_number,aliens,row_number)

def check_fleet_edges(aliens,ai_settings):    # 到达屏幕边缘时，向下移动，并改变移动方向
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        if alien.check_edges():
            change_fleet_direction(aliens,ai_settings)
            break

def change_fleet_direction(aliens,ai_settings):    
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
    ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1

def ship_hit(stats,aliens,bullets,ship,screen,ai_settings,sb):    # 飞船碰撞后重置游戏
    if stats.ships_left > 0:
        stats.ships_left -= 1
        sb.prep_ships()
        aliens.empty()
        bullets.empty()
        create_fleet(screen,ai_settings,aliens,ship)
        ship.center_ship()
        sleep(0.5)
    else:
        stats.game_active = False
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

def check_aliens_bottom(screen,aliens,stats,bullets,ship,ai_settings,sb):
    screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
            ship_hit(stats,aliens,bullets,ship,screen,ai_settings,sb)
            break

def update_aliens(aliens,ai_settings,ship,stats,bullets,screen,sb):
    check_fleet_edges(aliens,ai_settings)
    aliens.update()

    if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):    # 飞船与外星人碰撞检测
        ship_hit(stats,aliens,bullets,ship,screen,ai_settings,sb)
    
    check_aliens_bottom(screen,aliens,stats,bullets,ship,ai_settings,sb)

def check_high_score(stats,sb):    # 检查最高得分
    if stats.score > stats.high_score:
        stats.high_score = stats.score
        sb.prep_high_score()

小结：

按照书上的步骤完整实现了alien invasion这个小游戏，书上是在编写过程中不断进行函数重制和抽离，下一步我准备将所有代码整合到一个主程序文件中。