Python编程从入门到实践-学习笔记之五（用户输入和while循环）

第7章 用户输入和while循环

input()函数

提示可能超过一行，可将提示存储在一个变量中，再将该变量传递给函数input()

parrot.py

message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:")
print(message)

greeter.py

name = input("Please enter your name: ")
print("Hello, " + name + "!")

prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name? "

name = input(prompt)
print("\nHello, " + name + "!")

使用int()获取数值输入

rollercoaster.py

height = input("How tall are you, in inches? ")
height = int(height)

if height >= 36:
	print("\nYou're tall enough to ride!")
else:
	print("\nYou'll be able to ride when you're a little older.")

%求模运算符，将两个数相除并返回余数

number = input("Enter a number, and I'll tell you if it's even or odd: ")
number = int(number)

if number % 2 == 0:
	print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is even.")
else:
	print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is odd.")

while循环

counting.py

current_number = 1
while current_number <= 5:
	print(current_number)
	current_number += 1

让用户选择何时退出

使用标志

parrot.py

prompt = "Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."

message = ""
while message != 'quit':
	message = input(prompt)
	if message != 'quit':
		print(message)

prompt = "Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."

active = True
while active:
	message = input(prompt)
	if message == 'quit':
		active = False
	else:
		print(message)

使用break退出循环

cities.py

prompt = "\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited:"
prompt += "\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.)"

while True:
	city = input(prompt)
	
	if city == 'quit':
		break
	else:
		print("I'd love to go to " + city.title() + "!")

在循环中使用continue

counting2.py

current_number = 0
while current_number < 10:
	current_number += 1
	if current_number % 2 == 0:
		continue
		
	print(current_number)

避免无限循环

使用while循环来处理列表和字典

for循环遍历列表，不应修改列表；要在遍历列表的同时对其进行修改，可使用while循环

在列表之间移动元素

confirmed_users.py

unconfirmed_users = ['alice', 'brian', 'candace']
confirmed_users = []

while unconfirmed_users:
	current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()
	
	print("Verifying user: " + current_user.title())
	confirmed_users.append(current_user)
	
print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
	print(confirmed_user.title())

删除包含特定值的所有列表元素

pets.py

pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
print(pets)

while 'cat' in pets:
	pets.remove('cat')

print(pets)

使用用户输入来填充字典

mountain_poll.py

responses = {}

polling_active = True

while polling_active:
	name = input("\nWhat is your name?")
	response = input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday?")
	
	responses[name] = response
	
	repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/no)")
	if repeat == 'no':
		polling_active = False

print("\n--- Poll Results ---")
for name, response in responses.items():
	print(name + " would like to climb " + response + ".")

2023年9月16日