c，c++——结构体详解

目录

1.结构体基本概念 

代码示例：

 2.结构体数组

代码示例：

3.结构体指针 

代码示例：

4.结构体嵌套结构体 

代码示例：

 

5.结构体做函数参数 

代码示例：

 

6.结构体中const使用场景 

代码示例：

 

---

1.结构体基本概念 

代码示例：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct student{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
}s3;//顺便创建结构体对象

int main()
{
	student s1;
	s1.name = "xiaoming";
	s1.age = 18;
	
	student s2 = {"xiaohong",19,99};
	cout << s2.name << ' ' << s2.age << endl;
	
	return 0;
}

 

 2.结构体数组

代码示例：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct student{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

int main()
{
	student sarray[2] =
	{
		{"xiaoming",18,99},
		{"xiaohong",19,100}
	};
	
	cout << sarray[1].name << endl;
	sarray[1].name = "xiaogang";
	cout << sarray[1].name << endl;
	
	return 0;
}

 

3.结构体指针 

代码示例：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct student{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

int main()
{
	student sarray[2] =
	{
		{"xiaoming",18,99},
		{"xiaohong",19,100}
	};
	
	student *p = sarray;
	cout << p -> name << ' ' << p -> age << ' ' << p -> score << endl;
	
	return 0;
}

 

4.结构体嵌套结构体 

代码示例：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct student{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

struct teacher{
	string name;
	int age;
	struct student s;
};
int main()
{
	teacher t;
	t.s.name = "ss";
	t.s.age = 19;

	cout << t.s.name << ' ' << t.s.age << endl;
	
	return 0;
}

 

 

5.结构体做函数参数 

代码示例：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct student{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

void printstudent(student s)
{
	cout << s.name << ' ' << s.age << ' ' << s.score;
}

//地址传递
void printstudent2(student *s)
{
	cout << s -> name << ' ' << s -> age << ' ' << s -> score;
}

int main()
{
	student s = {"xiaoming",18,89};
	printstudent(s);
	printstudent2(&s);
	return 0;
}

 

 

6.结构体中const使用场景 

代码示例：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct student{
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;
};

void printstudent(student s)
{
	cout << s.name << ' ' << s.age << ' ' << s.score;
}

//地址传递
//将函数中的形参改为指针，可以减少内存空间而且不会复制新的副本出来
//使用了const之后，不可修改s的值
void printstudent2(const student *s)
{
	cout << s -> name << ' ' << s -> age << ' ' << s -> score;
}

int main()
{
	student s = {"xiaoming",18,89};
	printstudent(s);
	printstudent2(&s);
	return 0;
}