栈的相关基础知识

栈：后进先出 

定义栈

typedef int STDataType;
typedef struct stack
{
	struct stack* a;
	int top;
	int capacity;
}ST;

栈的初始化

void STInit(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);
	ps->a = NULL;
	ps->top = ps->capacity = 0;
}

入栈

void STPush(ST* ps, STDataType x)
{
	assert(ps);
	if (ps->top == ps->capacity)
	{
		int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 4 :ps->capacity*2;
		STDataType* tmp = (STDataType*)realloc(ps->a, sizeof(STDataType) * newcapacity);
		if (tmp == NULL)
		{
			perror("realloc");
			return;
		}
		ps->a = tmp;
		ps->capacity = newcapacity;
	}
	ps->a[ps->top] = x;
	ps->top++;
}

栈是否为空

bool STEmpty(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);
	return ps->top == 0;
}

出栈

void STPop(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);
	assert(!STEmpty(ps));
	ps->top--;
}

取栈顶元素

STDataType STTPop(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);
	assert(!STEmpty(ps));
	return ps->a[ps->top - 1];
}

栈的大小

int STSize(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);

	return ps->top;
}

栈的销毁

void STDestroy(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);

	free(ps->a);
	ps->a = NULL;
	ps->top = ps->capacity = 0;
}

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
#include<assert.h>
typedef int STDataType;
typedef struct stack
{
	STDataType* a;
	int top;
	int capacity;
}ST;
void STInit(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);
	ps->a = NULL;
	ps->top = ps->capacity = 0;
}
void STPush(ST* ps, STDataType x)
{
	assert(ps);
	if (ps->top == ps->capacity)
	{
		int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 4 :ps->capacity*2;
		STDataType* tmp = (STDataType*)realloc(ps->a, sizeof(STDataType) * newcapacity);
		if (tmp == NULL)
		{
			perror("realloc");
			return;
		}
		ps->a = tmp;
		ps->capacity = newcapacity;
	}
	ps->a[ps->top] = x;
	ps->top++;
}
bool STEmpty(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);
	return ps->top == 0;
}
void STPop(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);
	assert(!STEmpty(ps));
	ps->top--;
}
STDataType STTPop(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);
	assert(!STEmpty(ps));
	return ps->a[ps->top - 1];
}
void STDestroy(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);

	free(ps->a);
	ps->a = NULL;
	ps->top = ps->capacity = 0;
}
int main()
{
	ST p;
	STInit(&p);
	STPush(&p, 1);
	STPush(&p, 2);
	STPush(&p, 3);
	STPush(&p, 4);
	while (!STEmpty(&p))
	{
		int top = STTPop(&p);
		printf("%d ", top);
		STPop(&p);
	}
	STDestroy(&p);
}