一、二维曲线图
反应两个变量的因果关系
clear; %清除工作空间的所有变量
clc; %清除命令窗口的内容，对工作环境中的全部变量无任何影响
close all; %关闭所有的Figure窗口
x = linspace(1,200,100); %均匀生成数字1-200，共计100个
y1 = log(x) + 1; %生成函数y = log(x) + 1
y2 = log(x) + 2; %生成函数y = log(x) + 2
figure; %创建一个新的窗口
plot(x,y1); %作图y = log(x) + 1
hold on %多图共存在一个窗口上
plot(x,y2,'LineWidth',2); %作图y=log(x)+2,LineWidth指线型的宽度尺寸2
hold off %关闭多图共存在一个窗口上
legend('y1','y2'); %生成图例y1和y2二、二维散点图
figure;
y3 = y1 + rand(1,100) - 0.5;
plot(x,y1,'LineWidth',2,'Color',[0.21,0.21,0.67]);
hold on
%设置数据点的形状、数据点的填充颜色、数据点的轮廓颜色
plot(x,y3,'o','LineWidth',2,'Color',[0.46,0.63,0.90],'MarkerFaceColor'，[0.35,0.90,0.89],'MarkerEdgeColor',[0.18,0.62,0.17]);
%MarkerFaceColor设置内部填充颜色 MarkerEdgeColor设置外部边框填充颜色
hold off三、二维渐变色图
用不同的颜色、数据点大小表征不同数值，
x = linspace(0,3*pi,200);
y = cos(x) + rand(1,200); %随机生成1*200，位于[0,1]的数字
sz = 25; %尺寸为25
c = linspace(1,10,length(x));
scatter(x,y,sz,c,'filled')四、二维条形图
A = [60.689;87.714;143.1;267.9515];
C = [127.5;160.4;231.9;400.2];
B = C - A;
D = [A,B,C];
bar1 = bar([2:5:17],A,'BarWidth',0.2,'FaceColor','k'); %画A的数据
hold on;
bar2 = bar([3:5:18],B,"BarWidth",0.2,'FaceColor',[0.5 0.5 0.5]);%画B的数据
hold on;
bar3 = bar([4:5:19],C,'BarWidth',0.2,'FaceColor','w'); %画C的数据
ylabel('耗时/s'); %为Y轴增加标签
xlabel('GMM阶数'); %为Z轴增加标签
legend('训练耗时','测试耗时','总耗时'); %在坐标区域上添加图例
labelID = {'8阶','16阶','32阶','64阶'}; %定义刻度标签名称
set(gca,'XTick',3:5:20); %XTick为设置X轴的刻度
set(gca,'XTickLabel',labelID); %XTickLabel为设置X轴的刻度标签五、二维填充图
x = 0.4:0.1:2*pi; %定于x
y1 = sin(2*x); %定义y1
y2 = sin(x); %定义y2
%确定y1和y2的上下边界
maxY = max([y1;y2]);
minY = min([y1;y2]);
%确定填充多边形，按照顺时针方向来确定点
%fliplr实现左右翻转
xFill = [x,fliplr(x)];
yFill = [maxY,fliplr(minY)];
figure
fill(xFill,yFill,[0.21,0.21,0.67]); %填充
hold on
%绘制轮廓线
plot(x,y1,'k','LineWidth',2) %画y1关于x的曲线
plot(x,y2,'k','LineWidth',2) %画y2关于x的曲线
hold off六、多Y轴图
figure;
load('accidents.mat','hwydata' ) %加载名为 "accidents.mat" 的文件，并将其中名为 "hwydata" 的变量加载到 MATLAB 的工作空间中
ind = 1:51;
drivers = hwydata(:,5); %从hwydata中提取第5列的数据，并将其存储在名为drivers的变量中
yyaxis left %在图形中创建一个新的Y轴，并将其放置在左侧
scatter(ind,drivers,'LineWidth',2); %绘制散点图,其中ind是X轴上的数据，drivers是Y轴上的数据。'LineWidth',2参数用于设置散点图中数据点的线宽为2个单位。
title('Highway Data'); %标题
xlabel('States'); %X标签
ylabel('Licensed Drivers(thousands)'); %Y轴标签
pop = hwydata(:,7); %从名为hwydata的数据集中提取第7列的数据，并将其赋值给变量pop
yyaxis right %将下一个绘图操作的Y轴切换到右侧
scatter(ind,pop,'LineWidth',2); %绘制一个散点图
ylabel('Vehicle Miles Traveled(millions)'); %七、二维场图
[x,y] = meshgrid(0:0.1:1,0:0.1:1);
u = x;
v = -y;
startx = 0.1:0.1:0.9;
starty = ones(size(startx));
%需要获取所有流线的属性
figure;
quiver(x,y,u,v); %该函数使用箭头来直观的显示矢量场，小箭头来表示以该点为起点的向量(u,v)
streamline(x,y,u,v,startx,starty); %绘制流线图,其中(x,y)是网格的坐标，(u,v)是在每个点上的水平和垂直速度分量，(startx,starty)是指定流线的起始点。
八、三维曲线图
figure;
t = 0:pi/20:10*pi;
xt = sin(t);
yt = cos(t);
plot3(xt,yt,t,'-o','Color','b','MarkerSize',10); %绘制三维图形九、三维散点图
figure;
[X,Y,Z] = sphere(16);
x = [0.5*X(:);0.75*X(:);X(:)];
y = [0.5*Y(:);0.75*Y(:);Y(:)];
z = [0.5*Z(:);0.75*Z(:);Z(:)];
S = repmat([70,50,20],numel(X),1);
C = repmat([1,2,3],numel(X),1);
s = S(:);
c = C(:);
h = scatter3(x,y,z,s,c);
h.MarkerFaceColor = [0 0.5 0.5];
x = linspace(1,20,100);
y1 = log(x) + 1;
y2 = log(x) + 2;
y3 = y1 +rand(1,100) - 0.5;
figure;
scatter3(x,y2,y3,x,x,'filled');十、三维伪彩图
[x,y,z] = peaks(30);
figure;
plot1 = subplot(1,2,1);
surf(x,y,z);
%获取第一幅图的colormap,默认为parula
plot2 = subplot(1,2,2);
surf(x,y,z);
%下面设置的是第二幅图的颜色
colormap(hot);
%设置第一幅图颜色显示为parula
%一个坐标轴
figure;
h1 = surf(x,y,z);
hold on;
h2 = surf(x,y,z+5);
hold off;
colormap(hot);十一、裁剪伪彩图
figure;
n = 300;
[x,y,z] = peaks(n);
subplot(2,2,[1,3]);
surf(x,y,z);
shading interp;
view(0,90);
for i = 1:n
for j = i:n
if x(i,j)^2 + 2 * y(i,j)^2 > 6 && 2 * x(i,j)^2 + y(i,j)^2 < 6
z(i,j) = NaN;
end
end
end
subplot(2,2,2)
surf(x,y,z);
shading interp
view(0,90)
subplot(2,2,4)
surf(x,y,z);
shading interp
十二、等高线图
figure;
[X,Y,Z] = peaks;
subplot(2,2,1);
contour(X,Y,Z,20,'LineWidth',2);
subplot(2,2,2);
contour(X,Y,Z,20,'--',"LineWidth",2)
subplot(2,2,3);
v = [1,1];
contour(X,Y,Z,v,'LineWidth',2);
x = -2:0.2:2;
y = -2:0.2:3;
[X,Y] = meshgrid(x,y);
Z = X.*exp(-X.^2-Y.^2);
subplot(2,2,4);
contour(X,Y,Z,'ShowText','on','LineWidth',2);十三、三维等高线图
figure('Position',[0,0,900,400]);
subplot(1,3,1);
[X,Y,Z] = sphere(50);
contour3(X,Y,Z,'LineWidth',2);
[X,Y] = meshgrid(-2:0.25:2);
Z = X.*exp(-X.^2 - Y.^2);
subplot(1,3,2);
contour3(X,Y,Z,[-0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.2],'ShowText','on','LineWidth',2)
[X,Y,Z] = peaks;
subplot(1,3,3);
contour3(X,Y,Z,[2 2],'LineWidth',2);十四、等高线填充图
figure;
subplot(2,2,1);
[X,Y,Z] = peaks(50);
contourf(X,Y,Z);
subplot(2,2,2);
contourf(X,Y,Z,'--');
%限定范围
subplot(2,2,3);
contourf(X,Y,Z,[2 3],'ShowText','on');
subplot(2,2,4);
contourf(X,Y,Z,[2 2]);十五、三维矢量场图
figure;
[X,Y,Z] = peaks(30);
%矢量场，曲面法线
[U,V,W] = surfnorm(X,Y,Z);
%箭头长度、颜色
quiver3(X,Y,Z,U,V,W,0.5,'r');
hold on
surf(X,Y,Z);
xlim([-3,3])
ylim([-3,3.2]);
shading interp
hold off
view(0,90);十六、伪彩图+投影图
clear;clc;close all;
x = linspace(-3,3,30);
y = linspace(-4,4,40);
[X,Y] = meshgrid(x,y);
Z = peaks(X,Y);
Z(5:10,15:20) = 0;
z1 = max(Z);
z2 = max(Z,[],2);
figure;
subplot(3,3,[1,2]);
plot(x,z1,'LineWidth',2);
subplot(3,3,[6,9]);
plot(z2,y,'LineWidth',2);
subplot(3,3,[4,5,7,8]);
surf(x,y,Z);
xlim([-3,3]);
ylim([-4,4]);
view(0,90);
shading interp%平滑图像十七、热图
clear;clc;
z = rand(50);
z(z >= 0.0 & z < 0.6) = 0.5;
z(z >= 0.6 & z < 0.8) = 0.7;
z(z >= 0.8 & z <= 1) = 0.9;
for i = 1:30
z(randi(50,1,1):end,i) = nan;
end
for i = 31:50
z(30 + randi(20,1,1):end,i) = nan;
end
z(20:25,40:45) = nan;
figure;
% ax = surf(z);
ax = pcolor(z);
view(0,90);
ax.EdgeColor = [1 1 1];十八、分子模型图
clear;clc;
%球面的坐标信息，为了看起来平滑一点，给到100
[x,y,z] = sphere(100);
% C大小
C = 10;
% H大小
H = 5;
figure;
%大球
surf(C*x,C*y,C*z,'FaceColor',"red","EdgeColor","none")
hold on
%四个小球，都偏离一点位置，准确的位置需要计算，这里演示一个大概位置
surf(H*x,H*y,H*z+10,'FaceColor','blue','EdgeColor','none');
surf(H*x + 10,H*y,H*z - 3,'FaceColor','blue','EdgeColor','none');
surf(H*x - 4,H*y -10,H*z -3,'FaceColor','blue','EdgeColor','none');
surf(H*x - 4,H*y +10,H*z - 3,'FaceColor','blue','EdgeColor','none');
%坐标轴设置
axis equal off
%光源，看起来更有立体感
light
%lighting none,关闭光源十九、分形图
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