Python基础(十二) 还不会python绘图?两万字博文教你Matplotlib库(超详细总结)_python绘图不从头开始(3)

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x = np.linspace(0, 10 ,100)
plt.plot(x, np.exp(x))
plt.savefig(“my_figure.png”)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/024a454b67a759989dcef2eabf6c8151.png)


### 13.1 Matplotlib库


![image-20221007090619966](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/f6992ec5cae34262806611c260dec6d1.png)


#### 13.1.1 折线图



%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.style.use(“seaborn-whitegrid”)
import numpy as np



x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))



[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x18846169780>]


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/990da441b61ea17ca9d3873818149131.png)


* 绘制多条曲线



x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.cos(x))
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))



[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1884615f9e8>]


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/0b7dbb36fd7625d95c08d719fe13b965.png)


【1】调整线条颜色和风格


* 调整线条颜色



offsets = np.linspace(0, np.pi, 5)
colors = [“blue”, “g”, “r”, “yellow”, “pink”]
for offset, color in zip(offsets, colors):
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x-offset), color=color) # color可缩写为c


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/ef7fc3e897549677a0c48df2752e3296.png)


* 调整线条风格



x = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
offsets = list(range(8))
linestyles = [“solid”, “dashed”, “dashdot”, “dotted”, “-”, “–”, “-.”, “:”]
for offset, linestyle in zip(offsets, linestyles):
plt.plot(x, x+offset, linestyle=linestyle) # linestyle可简写为ls


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/8221c3f0c0004a3313a28280a36719f0.png)


* 调整线宽



x = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
offsets = list(range(0, 12, 3))
linewidths = (i*2 for i in range(1,5))
for offset, linewidth in zip(offsets, linewidths):
plt.plot(x, x+offset, linewidth=linewidth) # linewidth可简写为lw


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/743edac0441a9951645a817f1b390b1e.png)


* 调整数据点标记


###### marker设置坐标点



x = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
offsets = list(range(0, 12, 3))
markers = [“*”, “+”, “o”, “s”]
for offset, marker in zip(offsets, markers):
plt.plot(x, x+offset, marker=marker)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/cbc4442dfd87dd828567b3b6fae65410.png)


###### markersize 设置坐标点大小



x = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
offsets = list(range(0, 12, 3))
markers = [“*”, “+”, “o”, “s”]
for offset, marker in zip(offsets, markers):
plt.plot(x, x+offset, marker=marker, markersize=10) # markersize可简写为ms


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/a251b5dd229581efe63168e636ab5987.png)


###### 颜色跟风格设置的简写 color\_linestyles = [“g-”, “b–”, “k-.”, “r:”]



x = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
offsets = list(range(0, 8, 2))
color_linestyles = [“g-”, “b–”, “k-.”, “r:”]
for offset, color_linestyle in zip(offsets, color_linestyles):
plt.plot(x, x+offset, color_linestyle)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/a331507fc3a40135613a0be585ead54f.png)


###### 颜色\_风格\_线性 设置的简写 color\_marker\_linestyles = [“g\*-”, “b±-”, “ko-.”, “rs:”]



x = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
offsets = list(range(0, 8, 2))
color_marker_linestyles = [“g*-”, “b±-”, “ko-.”, “rs:”]
for offset, color_marker_linestyle in zip(offsets, color_marker_linestyles):
plt.plot(x, x+offset, color_marker_linestyle)


​  
 ![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/f9c673c3f0919d2e1ed8ee5da5b6f1c1.png)  
 ​


其他用法及颜色缩写、数据点标记缩写等请查看官方文档,如下:


https://matplotlib.org/api/\_as\_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.plot.html#matplotlib.pyplot.plot


##### 【2】调整坐标轴


* xlim, ylim # 限制x,y轴



x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))
plt.xlim(-1, 7)
plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)



(-1.5, 1.5)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/8405a0fbf881a28cb465bee1c0429b61.png)


* axis



x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))
plt.axis([-2, 8, -2, 2])



[-2, 8, -2, 2]


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/ac90c90d8343e61e1a4dbd44ef9c7cf5.png)


tight 会紧凑一点



x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))
plt.axis(“tight”)



(0.0, 6.283185307179586, -0.9998741276738751, 0.9998741276738751)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/403c076e015345972ca5cc10d2c12fea.png)


equal 会松一点



x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))
plt.axis(“equal”)



(0.0, 7.0, -1.0, 1.0)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/7056b88cbabad82d85dff6a135cb5c1e.png)



?plt.axis # 可以查询其中的功能



Object plt.axis # 可以查询其中的功能 not found.


* 对数坐标



x = np.logspace(0, 5, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.log(x))
plt.xscale(“log”)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/867c1b161b4bac4fce2f80000817a00f.png)


* 调整坐标轴刻度


plt.xticks(np.arange(0, 12, step=1))



x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
plt.plot(x, x**2)
plt.xticks(np.arange(0, 12, step=1))



([<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x18846412828>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x18847665898>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x18847665630>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x18847498978>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x18847498390>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x18847497d68>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x18847497748>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x18847497438>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x1884745f438>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x1884745fd68>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x18845fcf4a8>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x18845fcf320>],
<a list of 12 Text xticklabel objects>)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/dac0a3ce6c785fcffc864d735b838cd8.png)



x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
plt.plot(x, x**2)
plt.xticks(np.arange(0, 12, step=1), fontsize=15)
plt.yticks(np.arange(0, 110, step=10))



([<matplotlib.axis.YTick at 0x188474f0860>,
<matplotlib.axis.YTick at 0x188474f0518>,
<matplotlib.axis.YTick at 0x18847505a58>,
<matplotlib.axis.YTick at 0x188460caac8>,
<matplotlib.axis.YTick at 0x1884615c940>,
<matplotlib.axis.YTick at 0x1884615cdd8>,
<matplotlib.axis.YTick at 0x1884615c470>,
<matplotlib.axis.YTick at 0x1884620c390>,
<matplotlib.axis.YTick at 0x1884611f898>,
<matplotlib.axis.YTick at 0x188461197f0>,
<matplotlib.axis.YTick at 0x18846083f98>],
<a list of 11 Text yticklabel objects>)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/aeb86787ce668868ce8e27e23c3030cc.png)


* 调整刻度样式


plt.tick\_params(axis=“both”, labelsize=15)



x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
plt.plot(x, x**2)
plt.tick_params(axis=“both”, labelsize=15)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/027992858b5b2ad8ae341b4511645f9e.png)


##### 【3】设置图形标签



x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x))
plt.title(“A Sine Curve”, fontsize=20)
plt.xlabel(“x”, fontsize=15)
plt.ylabel(“sin(x)”, fontsize=15)



Text(0, 0.5, ‘sin(x)’)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/47dfc38d5a4a594f2cecfdca4c911ca2.png)


【4】设置图例


* 默认



x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), “b-”, label=“Sin”)
plt.plot(x, np.cos(x), “r–”, label=“Cos”)
plt.legend()



<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x1884749f908>


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/0b20990bde0b3461c78c7e1f0a8f73eb.png)


* 修饰图例



import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), “b-”, label=“Sin”)
plt.plot(x, np.cos(x), “r–”, label=“Cos”)
plt.ylim(-1.5, 2)
plt.legend(loc=“upper center”, frameon=True, fontsize=15) # frameon=True增加图例的边框



<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x19126b53b80>


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/1dd8b445b377535f1d8ac231feb53efe.png)


【5】添加文字和箭头


* 添加文字



x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), “b-”)
plt.text(3.5, 0.5, “y=sin(x)”, fontsize=15) # 前两个为文字的坐标,后面是内容和字号



Text(3.5, 0.5, ‘y=sin(x)’)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/1cfcbedaa405922de9518183c92e6586.png)


* 添加箭头



x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), “b-”)
plt.annotate(‘local min’, xy=(1.5*np.pi, -1), xytext=(4.5, 0),
arrowprops=dict(facecolor=‘black’, shrink=0.1),
)



Text(4.5, 0, ‘local min’)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/2117bd865adbd173079f4ce9c1606fa3.png)


#### 13.1.2 散点图


【1】简单散点图



x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 20)
plt.scatter(x, np.sin(x), marker=“o”, s=30, c=“r”) # s 大小 c 颜色



<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x188461eb4a8>


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/862d6240050eabff03589230b0e5efb4.png)


【2】颜色配置



x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
y = x**2
plt.scatter(x, y, c=y, cmap=“inferno”) # 让c随着y的值变化在cmap中进行映射
plt.colorbar() # 输出颜色条



<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x18848d392e8>


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/43f843a14c093b0776e2e7c01524f75f.png)


颜色配置参考官方文档


https://matplotlib.org/examples/color/colormaps\_reference.html


【3】根据数据控制点的大小



x, y, colors, size = (np.random.rand(100) for i in range(4))
plt.scatter(x, y, c=colors, s=1000*size, cmap=“viridis”)



<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x18847b48748>


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/e265d0dbc374f4c4fcd3fae7f3d6c7ac.png)


【4】透明度



x, y, colors, size = (np.random.rand(100) for i in range(4))
plt.scatter(x, y, c=colors, s=1000*size, cmap=“viridis”, alpha=0.3)
plt.colorbar()



<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x18848f2be10>


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/5352fafd67dd153db16c1a46806ab21a.png)


【例】随机漫步



from random import choice

class RandomWalk():
“”“一个生产随机漫步的类”“”
def __init__(self, num_points=5000):
self.num_points = num_points
self.x_values = [0]
self.y_values = [0]

def fill\_walk(self):
    while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:
        x_direction = choice([1, -1])
        x_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
        x_step = x_direction \* x_distance
        
        y_direction = choice([1, -1])
        y_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
        y_step = y_direction \* y_distance            
    
        if x_step == 0 or y_step == 0:
            continue
        next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
        next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step
        self.x_values.append(next_x)
        self.y_values.append(next_y)


rw = RandomWalk(10000)
rw.fill_walk()
point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points))
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6)) # 设置画布大小
plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, c=point_numbers, cmap=“inferno”, s=1)
plt.colorbar()
plt.scatter(0, 0, c=“green”, s=100)
plt.scatter(rw.x_values[-1], rw.y_values[-1], c=“red”, s=100)

plt.xticks([])
plt.yticks([])



([], <a list of 0 Text yticklabel objects>)


​  
 ![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/8c3fb73ddf4811de03f76cf881ca30e2.png)  
 ​


#### 13.1.3 柱形图


【1】简单柱形图



x = np.arange(1, 6)
plt.bar(x, 2*x, align=“center”, width=0.5, alpha=0.5, color=‘yellow’, edgecolor=‘red’)
plt.tick_params(axis=“both”, labelsize=13)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/6d7944045dc27af6d716c32c9e2fad01.png)



x = np.arange(1, 6)
plt.bar(x, 2*x, align=“center”, width=0.5, alpha=0.5, color=‘yellow’, edgecolor=‘red’)
plt.xticks(x, (‘G1’, ‘G2’, ‘G3’, ‘G4’, ‘G5’))
plt.tick_params(axis=“both”, labelsize=13)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/a385c1c016e0f5cf18721f5d4737e685.png)



x = (‘G1’, ‘G2’, ‘G3’, ‘G4’, ‘G5’)
y = 2 * np.arange(1, 6)
plt.bar(x, y, align=“center”, width=0.5, alpha=0.5, color=‘yellow’, edgecolor=‘red’)
plt.tick_params(axis=“both”, labelsize=13)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/229e9bf91e25baa421945a98ac9a7341.png)



x = [“G”+str(i) for i in range(5)]
y = 1/(1+np.exp(-np.arange(5)))

colors = [‘red’, ‘yellow’, ‘blue’, ‘green’, ‘gray’]
plt.bar(x, y, align=“center”, width=0.5, alpha=0.5, color=colors)
plt.tick_params(axis=“both”, labelsize=13)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9e09f0b7b0213d46ab7c7c7f8c0d7b8a.png)


【2】累加柱形图



x = np.arange(5)
y1 = np.random.randint(20, 30, size=5)
y2 = np.random.randint(20, 30, size=5)
plt.bar(x, y1, width=0.5, label=“man”)
plt.bar(x, y2, width=0.5, bottom=y1, label=“women”)
plt.legend()



<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x2052db25cc0>


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/3cfe9262979b69184c1e120ad5a878cf.png)


【3】并列柱形图



x = np.arange(15)
y1 = x+1
y2 = y1+np.random.random(15)
plt.bar(x, y1, width=0.3, label=“man”)
plt.bar(x+0.3, y2, width=0.3, label=“women”)
plt.legend()



<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x2052daf35f8>


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/5ac8cb26ffe288ec3626071fc142c09e.png)


【4】横向柱形图barh



x = [‘G1’, ‘G2’, ‘G3’, ‘G4’, ‘G5’]
y = 2 * np.arange(1, 6)
plt.barh(x, y, align=“center”, height=0.5, alpha=0.8, color=“blue”, edgecolor=“red”) # 注意这里将bar改为barh,宽度用height设置
plt.tick_params(axis=“both”, labelsize=13)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/b62a3527f9d496bfb105755a59f834e8.png)


#### 13.1.4 多子图


【1】简单多子图



def f(t):
return np.exp(-t) * np.cos(2*np.pi*t)

t1 = np.arange(0.0, 5.0, 0.1)
t2 = np.arange(0.0, 5.0, 0.02)

plt.subplot(211)
plt.plot(t1, f(t1), “bo-”, markerfacecolor=“r”, markersize=5)
plt.title(“A tale of 2 subplots”)
plt.ylabel(“Damped oscillation”)

plt.subplot(212)
plt.plot(t2, np.cos(2*np.pi*t2), “r–”)
plt.xlabel(“time (s)”)
plt.ylabel(“Undamped”)



Text(0, 0.5, ‘Undamped’)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/bbe7f59a4275a00bccdfb252dba0124c.png)


【2】多行多列子图



x = np.random.random(10)
y = np.random.random(10)

plt.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.5, wspace=0.3)

plt.subplot(321)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=“b”, marker=“>”)

plt.subplot(322)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=“g”, marker=“*”)

plt.subplot(323)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=“r”, marker=“s”)

plt.subplot(324)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=“c”, marker=“p”)

plt.subplot(325)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=“m”, marker=“+”)

plt.subplot(326)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=“y”, marker=“H”)



<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x2052d9f63c8>


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/905ef6951526b47771ab0e5753b214a1.png)


【3】不规则多子图



def f(x):
return np.exp(-x) * np.cos(2*np.pi*x)

x = np.arange(0.0, 3.0, 0.01)
grid = plt.GridSpec(2, 3, wspace=0.4, hspace=0.3) # 两行三列的网格

plt.subplot(grid[0, 0]) # 第一行第一列位置
plt.plot(x, f(x))

plt.subplot(grid[0, 1:]) # 第一行后两列的位置
plt.plot(x, f(x), “r–”, lw=2)

plt.subplot(grid[1, :]) # 第二行所有位置
plt.plot(x, f(x), “g-.”, lw=3)



[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x2052d6fae80>]


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/3efcb9681d4e47a12027bd262f8b132e.png)


#### 13.1.5 直方图


【1】普通频次直方图



mu, sigma = 100, 15
x = mu + sigma * np.random.randn(10000)

plt.hist(x, bins=50, facecolor=‘g’, alpha=0.75)



(array([ 1., 0., 0., 5., 3., 5., 1., 10., 15., 19., 37.,
55., 81., 94., 125., 164., 216., 258., 320., 342., 401., 474.,
483., 590., 553., 551., 611., 567., 515., 558., 470., 457., 402.,
347., 261., 227., 206., 153., 128., 93., 79., 41., 22., 17.,
21., 9., 2., 8., 1., 2.]),
array([ 40.58148736, 42.82962161, 45.07775586, 47.32589011,
49.57402436, 51.82215862, 54.07029287, 56.31842712,
58.56656137, 60.81469562, 63.06282988, 65.31096413,
67.55909838, 69.80723263, 72.05536689, 74.30350114,
76.55163539, 78.79976964, 81.04790389, 83.29603815,
85.5441724 , 87.79230665, 90.0404409 , 92.28857515,
94.53670941, 96.78484366, 99.03297791, 101.28111216,
103.52924641, 105.77738067, 108.02551492, 110.27364917,
112.52178342, 114.76991767, 117.01805193, 119.26618618,
121.51432043, 123.76245468, 126.01058893, 128.25872319,
130.50685744, 132.75499169, 135.00312594, 137.25126019,
139.49939445, 141.7475287 , 143.99566295, 146.2437972 ,
148.49193145, 150.74006571, 152.98819996]),
<a list of 50 Patch objects>)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/a413fa8109f4acc6bd6d4420934f3826.png)


【2】概率密度



mu, sigma = 100, 15
x = mu + sigma * np.random.randn(10000)

plt.hist(x, 50, density=True, color=“r”)# 概率密度图
plt.xlabel(‘Smarts’)
plt.ylabel(‘Probability’)
plt.title(‘Histogram of IQ’)
plt.text(60, .025, r’ μ = 100 ,   σ = 15 \mu=100,\ \sigma=15 μ=100, σ=15’)
plt.xlim(40, 160)
plt.ylim(0, 0.03)



(0, 0.03)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/5ae5627fded3597c73bc454485072089.png)



mu, sigma = 100, 15
x = mu + sigma * np.random.randn(10000)

plt.hist(x, bins=50, density=True, color=“r”, histtype=‘step’) #不填充,只获得边缘
plt.xlabel(‘Smarts’)
plt.ylabel(‘Probability’)
plt.title(‘Histogram of IQ’)
plt.text(60, .025, r’ μ = 100 ,   σ = 15 \mu=100,\ \sigma=15 μ=100, σ=15’)
plt.xlim(40, 160)
plt.ylim(0, 0.03)



(0, 0.03)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/0c403341394e07e9c6d0de5a17700902.png)



from scipy.stats import norm
mu, sigma = 100, 15 # 想获得真正高斯分布的概率密度图
x = mu + sigma * np.random.randn(10000)

先获得bins,即分配的区间

_, bins, __ = plt.hist(x, 50, density=True)
y = norm.pdf(bins, mu, sigma) # 通过norm模块计算符合的概率密度
plt.plot(bins, y, ‘r–’, lw=3)
plt.xlabel(‘Smarts’)
plt.ylabel(‘Probability’)
plt.title(‘Histogram of IQ’)
plt.text(60, .025, r’ μ = 100 ,   σ = 15 \mu=100,\ \sigma=15 μ=100, σ=15’)
plt.xlim(40, 160)
plt.ylim(0, 0.03)



(0, 0.03)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/d42ee9328529880b7ed37553d5c030b1.png)


【3】累计概率分布



mu, sigma = 100, 15
x = mu + sigma * np.random.randn(10000)

plt.hist(x, 50, density=True, cumulative=True, color=“r”) # 将累计cumulative设置为true即可
plt.xlabel(‘Smarts’)
plt.ylabel(‘Cum_Probability’)
plt.title(‘Histogram of IQ’)
plt.text(60, 0.8, r’ μ = 100 ,   σ = 15 \mu=100,\ \sigma=15 μ=100, σ=15’)
plt.xlim(50, 165)
plt.ylim(0, 1.1)



(0, 1.1)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/f372ffdb0f5bd1a9f0ed242d5eeee229.png)


【例】模拟投两个骰子



class Die():
“模拟一个骰子的类”

def \_\_init\_\_(self, num_sides=6):
    self.num_sides = num_sides

def roll(self):
    return np.random.randint(1, self.num_sides+1)

* 重复投一个骰子



die = Die()
results = []
for i in range(60000):
result = die.roll()
results.append(result)

plt.hist(results, bins=6, range=(0.75, 6.75), align=“mid”, width=0.5)
plt.xlim(0 ,7)



(0, 7)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/3cab569cd2500719bcb156d27ddde1f4.png)


* 重复投两个骰子



die1 = Die()
die2 = Die()
results = []
for i in range(60000):
result = die1.roll()+die2.roll()
results.append(result)

plt.hist(results, bins=11, range=(1.75, 12.75), align=“mid”, width=0.5)
plt.xlim(1 ,13)
plt.xticks(np.arange(1, 14))



([<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052fae23c8>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052ff1fa20>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052fb493c8>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052e9b5a20>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052e9b5e80>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052e9b5978>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052e9cc668>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052e9ccba8>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052e9ccdd8>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052fac5668>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052fac5ba8>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052fac5dd8>,
<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x2052fad9668>],
<a list of 13 Text xticklabel objects>)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/708c22f25b2ef94e08a78f6f3b84fc59.png)


#### 13.1.6 误差图


【1】基本误差图



x = np.linspace(0, 10 ,50)
dy = 0.5 # 每个点的y值误差设置为0.5
y = np.sin(x) + dy*np.random.randn(50)

plt.errorbar(x, y , yerr=dy, fmt=“+b”)



<ErrorbarContainer object of 3 artists>


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/dc9bc39f8bf560d4f1f25747239433d4.png)


【2】柱形图误差图



menMeans = (20, 35, 30, 35, 27)
womenMeans = (25, 32, 34, 20, 25)
menStd = (2, 3, 4, 1, 2)
womenStd = (3, 5, 2, 3, 3)
ind = [‘G1’, ‘G2’, ‘G3’, ‘G4’, ‘G5’]
width = 0.35

p1 = plt.bar(ind, menMeans, width=width, label=“Men”, yerr=menStd)
p2 = plt.bar(ind, womenMeans, width=width, bottom=menMeans, label=“Men”, yerr=womenStd)

plt.ylabel(‘Scores’)
plt.title(‘Scores by group and gender’)
plt.yticks(np.arange(0, 81, 10))
plt.legend()



<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x20531035630>


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/12e1f64f3d28f233dcc463ed97b91b68.png)


#### 13.1.7 面向对象的风格简介


【例1】 普通图



x = np.linspace(0, 5, 10)
y = x ** 2

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,4), dpi=80) # 图像
axes = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) # 轴 left, bottom, width, height (range 0 to 1)

axes.plot(x, y, ‘r’)
axes.set_xlabel(‘x’)
axes.set_ylabel(‘y’)
axes.set_title(‘title’)



Text(0.5, 1.0, ‘title’)


![png](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/7fb8a6bfde20c6293897d70ad5312f76.png)


【2】画中画



x = np.linspace(0, 5, 10)
y = x ** 2

fig = plt.figure()

ax1 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8])
ax2 = fig.add_axes([0.2, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3])

ax1.plot(x, y, ‘r’)

ax1.set_xlabel(‘x’)
ax1.set_ylabel(‘y’)
ax1.set_title(‘title’)

ax2.plot(y, x, ‘g’)
ax2.set_xlabel(‘y’)
ax2.set_ylabel(‘x’)

img
img
img

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如果你需要这些资料,可以戳这里获取

https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/12e1f64f3d28f233dcc463ed97b91b68.png)

13.1.7 面向对象的风格简介

【例1】 普通图

x = np.linspace(0, 5, 10)
y = x \*\* 2

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,4), dpi=80)        # 图像
axes = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8])      # 轴 left, bottom, width, height (range 0 to 1)

axes.plot(x, y, 'r')
axes.set_xlabel('x')
axes.set_ylabel('y')
axes.set_title('title')

Text(0.5, 1.0, 'title')

png

【2】画中画

x = np.linspace(0, 5, 10)
y = x \*\* 2

fig = plt.figure()

ax1 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) 
ax2 = fig.add_axes([0.2, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3]) 

ax1.plot(x, y, 'r')

ax1.set_xlabel('x')
ax1.set_ylabel('y')
ax1.set_title('title')

ax2.plot(y, x, 'g')
ax2.set_xlabel('y')
ax2.set_ylabel('x')


[外链图片转存中...(img-DWKvFRd5-1715529389191)]
[外链图片转存中...(img-YrGiAVCQ-1715529389192)]
[外链图片转存中...(img-EqMReITu-1715529389192)]

**既有适合小白学习的零基础资料,也有适合3年以上经验的小伙伴深入学习提升的进阶课程,涵盖了95%以上Go语言开发知识点,真正体系化!**

**由于文件比较多,这里只是将部分目录截图出来,全套包含大厂面经、学习笔记、源码讲义、实战项目、大纲路线、讲解视频,并且后续会持续更新**

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