很久没写文章,一直在看别人的博客,今天也写篇,一则回报各位网友的知识恩赐,二则也为 了提高自己。
声明:由于本人知识有限,如有纰漏,直接指正,以免误导各位!
重载:函数名字一样,返回类型和参数可以不一样,编译器链接时,会加上参数类型检查(c没有函数参数类型检查,所以C 没有重载)
覆盖:出现于类的继承中,基类的函数不起作用,注意是通过基类的指针或是引用来访问派生类(虚函数的重要特性,多态的体现,RTTI技术)
隐藏:出现于函数重载中,非虚函数可出现此情况。
还是代码验证吧,上代码:
class firstBase
{
public:
virtual void fun1(){cout<<"Base::fun1"<<endl;}
void fun2(){cout<<"Base::fun2"<<endl;}
//void fun3{cout<<"Base::fun3"<<endl;}
};
class DrivedFromBase:public firstBase
{
public :
virtual void fun1(){cout<<"DrivedFromBase::fun1"<<endl;}
void fun2(){cout<<"DrivedFromBase::fun2"<<endl;}
void fun2(int x){cout<<"DrivedFromBase::fun2"<<x<<endl;}
void fun3(){cout<<"DrivedFromBase::fun3"<<endl;}
};
class secondBase
{public:
//void fun1(){cout<<"secondBase::fun1"<<endl;}
//void fun2{cout<<"secondBase::fun2"<<endl;}
void fun3(){cout<<"secondBase::fun3"<<endl;}
};
class DerivedFromSecondAndFirstBase:public DrivedFromBase,public secondBase
{
public:
void g(){cout<<"DerivedFromSecondAndFirstBase::fun1"<<endl;}
void h(){cout<<"DerivedFromSecondAndFirstBase::fun2"<<endl;}
//void fun3{cout<<"DerivedFromSecondAndFirstBase::fun3"<<endl;}
};
继承关系为:
firstBase->DrivedFromBase->
DerivedFromSecondAndFirstBase.
secondBase ->
int main()
{
//二义性问题,非重载
DerivedFromSecondAndFirstBase* p=new DerivedFromSecondAndFirstBase();
// p->fun3();//此句会报错,可能会误认为是函数重载,但是fun3分属于不同的类,因此无法重载,会产生二义性
//覆盖
DrivedFromBase* db=new DrivedFromBase();
db->fun1(); //通过虚函数覆盖基类的fun1
//隐藏
db->fun2(2);
firstBase *fp=db;
fp->fun2();//隐藏通过指针的变换是可以访问到的,而隐藏不能
//没法调用
//fp->fun3();//如果一个函数不是虚函数,没法通过基类的指针访问不是基类的部分,如fun3。
return 0;
}
当然,这部分还是很复杂,暂时没法从底层解释这种现象。
运行结果: