C++ Primer Plus (第6版) 中文版 第十章 对象和类 编程练习答案

第十章 编程练习
1.为复习题5描述的类提供方法定义，并编写一个小程序来演示所有的特性。
头文件（类定义）：

#ifndef Account_H_
#define Account_H_
//#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class BankAccount
{
private:
 string name;
 string account;
 double balance;
public:
 BankAccount();
 BankAccount(const string & client,const string num,double bal=0.0);
 ~BankAccount();
 void show() const;
 void save(double cash);
 void expend(double cash);
};
#endif

源文件（方法定义）：

#include<iostream>
#include"Account.h"
using namespace std;
BankAccount::BankAccount()
{
 name = "no name";
 account ="no account";
 balance = 0.0;
}
BankAccount::BankAccount(const string & client,const string num,double bal)
{
 name = client;
 account = num;
 if (bal<0)
 {
  cout<<"You have no balance."<<endl;
  balance =0;
 }
 else
  balance = bal;
}
BankAccount::~BankAccount()
{
 cout<<"Bye,Irregular variable..."<<endl;
}
void BankAccount::show() const
{
 cout<<"Now bankaccount..."<<endl;
 cout<<"BankAccount.name is "<<name<<endl;
 cout<<"BankAccount.account is "<<account<<endl;
 cout<<"BankAccount.balance is "<<balance<<endl;
}
void BankAccount::save(double cash)
{
 balance +=cash;
}
void BankAccount::expend(double cash)
{
 balance -=cash;
}

测试文件：

#include<iostream>
#include"Account.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
 {
  cout<<"Using constructors to create new objects:\n";
  BankAccount account1=BankAccount();
  account1.show();
  BankAccount account2("樊一超","fanacio",900);
  account2.show();
  account1.save(200);
  account1.show();
  account2.expend(900);
  account2.show();
  account1 = BankAccount("fanacio","zjut_bank_card",21000);
  account1.show();
  cin.get();
  cout<<"Done........\n";
 }
 return 0;
}

运行结果：

2.
头文件（类定义）：

//person.h  --使用string对象和一个字符数组,然后扯淡的比较了他俩的用法，真TM无聊。
#ifndef PERSON_H_
#define RENSON_H_
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
private:
 static const int LIMIT = 25;
 string lname;
 char fname[LIMIT];
public:
 Person(){lname="";fname[0]='\0'; }
 Person(const string & ln,const char * fn = "Heyyou");
 void Show()const;
 void FormalShow() const;
};
#endif

源函数文件（方法描述）：

#include<iostream>
#include"person.h"
using namespace std;
Person::Person(const string & ln,const char * fn )
{
 lname=ln;
 strcpy(fname,fn);
}
void Person::Show()const
{
 cout<<"firstname lastname format..."<<endl;
 cout<<fname<<" "<<lname<<endl;
}
void Person::FormalShow() const
{
 cout<<"lastname,firstname format..."<<endl;
 cout<<lname<<" , "<<fname<<endl;
}

源函数（测试文件）：

#include<iostream>
#include"person.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
 Person one;
 Person two("Smythecreft");
 Person three("Dimwiddy","Sam");
 one.Show();
 cout<<endl;
 one.FormalShow();
 cout<<endl;
 two.Show();
 cout<<endl;
 two.FormalShow();
 cout<<endl;
 three.Show();
 cout<<endl;
 three.FormalShow();
 cout<<endl;
 cin.get();
 return 0;
}

运行结果：

3.对第9章编程练习1进行修改，应用类定义。
头文件（类定义）：

//golf.h  --使用正确的类声明，使用合适的构造函数，以提供初始值。
#ifndef GOLF_H_
#define GOLF_H_
class golf
{
private:
 static const int Len = 40;
 char fullname[Len];
 int handicap;
public:
 //non-interactive version:
 // function sets golf structure to provided name,handicap
 // using values passed as arguments to the function
 golf();
 golf(const char * name,int hc);
 ~golf();
 void hand(int hc);
 void showgolf() const;
};
#endif

源函数（方法定义）：

//golf.cpp --匹配头文件中的原型函数
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include"golf.h"
golf::golf()
{
 std::cout<<"Default constructor called\n";
 char name[Len];
 int hc;
 std::cout<<"请输入姓名：";
 std::cin.getline(name,Len);
 std::cout<<"请输入等级：";
 std::cin>>hc;
 std::cin.get();
 *this =golf(name,hc);
}
golf::golf(const char * name,int hc)
{
 strcpy(fullname,name);
 handicap = hc;
}
golf::~golf()
{
 std::cout<<"Bye,Temporary variables...\n";
}
void golf::hand(int hc)
{
 handicap = hc;
}
void golf::showgolf()const
{
 using namespace std;
 cout<<"姓名：\t"<<fullname<<endl;
 cout<<"等级：\t"<<handicap<<endl;
}

源函数（测试文件）：

//main()演示原型化函数的所有特性。例如，包含一个让用户输入循环，并使用输入的数据来填充一个由golf结构组成的数组，
//数组被填满或用户将高尔夫选手的姓名设置为空字符串时，循环将结束。
//main()函数只使用头文件中原型化的函数来访问golf结构。
#include<iostream>
#include"golf.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{ 
 golf g0;
 g0.showgolf();
 g0.hand(120);
 g0.showgolf();
 golf g1("Jimmy", 100);
 g1.showgolf();
 g1.hand(120);
 g1.showgolf();
 return 0;
}

运行结果：

4.对第9章编程练习4进行修改，应用类定义。
头文件（类定义和声明）：

//将第9章编程练习4的Sales结构及相关的函数转换为一个类及其方法。
#ifndef SALES_H_
#define SALES_H_
namespace SALES
{
 const int QUARTERS = 4;
 const double init_ar[4] = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
 class sales
 {
 private:
  double salesfan[QUARTERS];
  double average;
  double max;
  double min;
 public:
  sales(const double ar[]=init_ar,int n=4);
  void setSales();
  void showSales() const;
 };
}
#endif

方法定义文件：

//对名称空间进行扩展，以提供这三个函数的定义
#include<iostream>
#include"sales.h"
using namespace std;
namespace SALES
{
 sales::sales(const double ar[],int n)
 {
  if(n<4)
  {
   for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
    salesfan[i]=ar[i];
   for (int j=n;j<4;j++)
    salesfan[j]=0;
  }
  else
  {
   for (int i=0;i<4;i++)
    salesfan[i]=ar[i];
  }
  average=(salesfan[0]+salesfan[1]+salesfan[2]+salesfan[3])/QUARTERS;
  double max0=salesfan[0];
  for (int i=1;i<QUARTERS;i++)
  {
   if (max0<salesfan[i])
    max0=salesfan[i];
  }
  max=max0;
  double min0=salesfan[0];
  for (int i=1;i<QUARTERS;i++)
  {
   if (min0>salesfan[i])
    min0=salesfan[i];
  }
  min=min0;
 }
 void sales::setSales()
 {
  double input[QUARTERS];
  for(int i=0;i<QUARTERS;i++)
  {
   cout<<"请输入第"<<i+1<<"季度的销售额：";
   cin>>input[i];
   cin.get();
  }
  *this = sales(input,QUARTERS);
 }
 void sales::showSales() const
 {
  cout<<"display all information in structure s：\n";
  for (int i=0;i<QUARTERS;i++)
   cout<<"the "<<i+1<<"quarters is "<<salesfan[i]<<endl;
  cout<<endl<<"the average：\t"<<average<<endl;
  cout<<"the max：\t"<<max<<endl;
  cout<<"the min：\t"<<min<<endl;
 }
}

测试文件：

//声明两个Sales对象，并使用setSales（）的交互式版本为一个结构提供值，然后使用setSales（）的非交互式版本为另一个结构提供值。
//使用showSales（）来显示这两个结构的内容。
#include<iostream>
#include"sales.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace SALES;
int main()
{
 double ar1[4] = {1,2,3,4};
 double ar2[3] = {12.5,55.2,60.7};
 sales object1;
 sales object2 = sales(ar1,4);
 sales object3(ar2,3);
 cout<<"The following is the first sales' information:\n";
 object1.showSales();
 cout<<endl<<"The following is the second sales' information:\n";
 object2.showSales();
 cout<<endl<<"The following is the tired sales' information:\n";
 object3.showSales();
 cout<<endl;
 cout<<endl<<"The following is the first sales' alter information:\n";
 object1.setSales();
 object1.showSales();
 cin.get();
 return 0;
}

运行结果：

5.一个类似于程序清单10.10-1.12的练习。
类定义和声明头文件：

//Stack.h --class definition for the stack ADT
#ifndef STACK_H_
#define STACK_H_
struct customer
{
 char fullname[35];
 double payment;
};
typedef customer Item;
class Stack
{
private:
 enum {MAX = 10};
 Item items[MAX];
 int top;
public:
 Stack();
 bool isempty() const;
 bool isfull() const;
 bool push(const Item & item);
 bool pop(Item & item);
};
#endif

类方法描述文件：

//Stack.cpp --对头文件函数成员的解释.
#include"Stack.h"
Stack::Stack()    // create an empty stack
{
    top = 0;
}
bool Stack::isempty() const
{
    return top == 0;
}
bool Stack::isfull() const
{
    return top == MAX;
}
bool Stack::push(const Item & item) 
{
    if (top < MAX)
    {
        items[top++] = item;
        return true;
    }
    else
        return false;
}
bool Stack::pop(Item & item)
{
    if (top > 0)
    {
        item = items[--top];
        return true;
    }
    else
        return false; 
}

测试文件：

//usestack.cpp --testing the Stack class
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>  // or ctype.h
#include "stack.h"
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    Stack st; // create an empty stack
    char ch;
    customer po;
 double sumpayment=0;
    cout << "Please enter A to add a purchase order,\n"
        << "P to process a PO, or Q to quit.\n";
    while (cin >> ch && toupper(ch) != 'Q')
    {
        while (cin.get() != '\n')   
            continue;
        if (!isalpha(ch))
        {
            cout << '\a';
            continue;
        }
        switch(ch)
        {
             case 'A':
    case 'a':    cout << "Enter the fullname of PO: ";
        cin.getline(po.fullname,35);
        cout << "Enter the payment of PO: ";
                       cin >> po.payment;
        cin.get();
                       if (st.isfull())
                           cout << "stack already full\n";
                       else
         st.push(po);
                       break;
             case 'P':
             case 'p': if (st.isempty())
                           cout << "stack already empty\n";
                       else {
         st.pop(po);
         cout << "PO #" << po.fullname << " popped\n";
         sumpayment += po.payment;
                       }
                       break;
        }
        cout << "Please enter A to add a purchase order,\n"
             << "P to process a PO, or Q to quit.\n";
    }
    cout << "Bye\n";
 cout << "Service end.\nThe total payment is " << sumpayment << endl;
    cin.get();
 system("pause");
 return 0; 
}

运行结果：

6.涉及到两个对象同时访问的一个例子
类定义和声明的头文件

//move.h
#ifndef MOVE_H_
#define MOVE_H_
class Move
{
private:
 double x;
 double y;
public:
 Move(double a=0,double b=0); //sets x,y to a,b
 void showmove() const;
 Move add (const Move & m) const;
 //this function adds x of m to x of invoking object to get new x,
 //adds y of m y of invoking object to get new y,creates a new
 //move object initialized to new x,y values and returns it
 void reset(double a=0,double b= 0);  //resets x,y to a,b
};
#endif

类方法描述源文件：

//move.cpp  --定义成员函数
#include<iostream>
#include"move.h"
Move::Move(double a,double b)
{
 x=a;
 y=b;
}
void Move::showmove() const
{
 std::cout<<"x = \t"<<x<<std::endl;
 std::cout<<"y = \t"<<y<<std::endl;
}
Move Move::add (const Move & m) const       //涉及到对象的比较
{
 Move newone;
 newone.x=x+m.x;
 newone.y=y+m.y;
 return newone;
}
void Move::reset(double a,double b)
{
 x=a;
 y=b;
}

测试文件：

//usemove.cpp --测试程序.
#include<iostream>
#include"move.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
 Move move1;
 move1.showmove();
 move1.reset(1,2);
 move1.showmove();
 Move move2=Move(2,3);
 //move2.showmove();
 //move2.reset();
 move2.showmove();
 Move move3=move1.add(move2);
 move3.showmove();
 cin.get();
 return 0;
}

运行结果：

7.Betelgeusean plorg类的表示
类定义和声明头文件：

//Betelgeusean plorg.h --该类的特征.
#ifndef PLORG_H_
#define PLORG_H_
class plorg
{
private:
 char name[20];
 int CI;
public:
 plorg();
 plorg(const char name1[],int n=50);
 int alter_CI(void);
 void show();
};
#endif

类方法描述源文件：

//Betelgeusean plorg.cpp --对函数成员的描述.
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include"Betelgeusean plorg.h"
using namespace std;
plorg::plorg()
{
 strcpy( name,"Plorga");
 CI=50;
};
plorg::plorg(const char name1[],int n)
{
 strcpy(name,name1);
 CI = n;
}
int plorg::alter_CI(void)
{
 int m;
 cout<<"enter new CI:";
 cin>>m;
 CI=m;
 return CI;
}
void plorg::show()
{
 cout<<"name-->"<<name<<" ; "<<" CI-->"<<CI<<"..."<<endl;
}

测试文件：

//useBetelgeusean_plorg.cpp  --测试
#include<iostream>
#include"Betelgeusean plorg.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
 plorg plorg1;
 plorg1.show();
 plorg1 = plorg("name1");
 plorg1.show();
 plorg plorg2("name2", 500);
 plorg2.show();
 plorg1.alter_CI();
 plorg1.show();
 cin.get();
 cin.get();
 return 0;
}

运行结果：

8.类定义和声明的头文件：

//List.h --类定义.
#ifndef LIST_H_
#define LIST_H_
typedef int Item;
class list
{
private:
 enum {MAX = 10};
 Item items[MAX];
 int top;
public:
 list();
 bool isempty() const;
 bool isfull() const;
 bool push(const Item & item);
 void visit(void(*pf)(Item & ));
 void showitem() const;
};
void plus100(Item & item);
#endif

类方法描述源文件：

//List.cpp --定义函数成员
#include<iostream>
#include"List.h"
list::list()
{
 top =0;
}
bool list::isempty()const
{
 return top ==0;
}
bool list::isfull()const
{
 return top ==MAX;
}
bool list::push(const Item & item)
{
 if (top<MAX)
 {
  items[top++]=item;
  return true;
 }
 else
  return false;
}
void list::visit(void(*pf)(Item & ))
{
 for(int i=0;i<top;i++)
  pf(items[i]);
}
void list::showitem() const
{
 for(int i=0;i<top;i++)
  std::cout<<"#"<<i+1<<": "<<items[i]<<std::endl;
}
void plus100(Item & item)
{
    item += 100;
}

测试文件：

//uselist.cpp --测试.
#include<iostream>
#include<cctype>
#include"List.h"
int main()
{
 using namespace std;
 list lt;
 char ch;
 int data;
 cout<<"Please enter C to create your list,P to process the list,S to show the items, Q to quit:\n";
 while(cin>>ch && toupper(ch)!='Q')
 {
  while(cin.get()!='\n')
   continue;
  if (!isalpha(ch))
  {
   cout<<'\a';
   continue;
  }
  switch(ch)
  {
  case 'C':
  case 'a':cout<<"Enter C to create your list,\n";
        if(lt.isfull())
      cout << "The list already full.\n";
     else
     {
      cout << "Enter the data: ";
      cin>>data;
      lt.push(data);
     }
     break;
  case 'P':
  case 'p':cout<<" P to process the list, \n";
   if(lt.isempty())
    cout<<"the list already empty\n";
   else
   {
    lt.visit(plus100);
    cout<<"Every data has plused 100.\n";
   }
   break;
  case 'S':
  case 's':cout<<"S to show the items, Q to quit:\n";
   lt.showitem();
   break;
  }
 cout<<"Please enter C to create your list,P to process the list,S to show the items, Q to quit:\n";
 }
 lt.showitem();
    cout << "Bye!\n";
 cin.get();
 cin.get();
 return 0;
}

运行结果：