什么是字典?
字典是一系列键-值对,每个“键”都有与之相对应的“值”,你可以通过访问字典的键来访问相对应的值,字典的键-值对之间是无序的。
字典用花括号{ }表示,键与值之间用冒号隔开,而键-值对之间用逗号分开,如下
shoes = {"sandal": "pink", "high heel": "black", "running shoes": "white"}
访问字典中的值,可指定字典名和放在方括号里面的键,如下
shoes = {"sandal": "pink", "high heel": "black", "running shoes": "white"}
print(shoes)
print(shoes["sandal"])
print(shoes["high heel"])
print(shoes["running shoes"])
//输出结果如下:
{'sandal': 'pink', 'high heel': 'black', 'running shoes': 'white'}
pink
black
white
添加键值对,可依次指定字典名,用方括号括起来的键和相对应的值,如
shoes = {"sandal": "pink", "high heel": "black", "running shoes": "white"}
shoes["size number"] = 36 //新增键-值对,其中键为“”size number",值为36
shoes["boots"] = "purple" //新增键-值对,其中键为“boots”, 值为“purple”
print(shoes) //打印更新后的字典
//输出结果为:
{'sandal': 'pink', 'high heel': 'black', 'running shoes': 'white', 'size number': 36, 'boots': 'purple'}
修改字典的值,可依次指定字典名,方括号括起来的键和与之相对应的新值,如下
shoes = {"sandal": "pink", "high heel": "black", "running shoes": "white"}
shoes["high heel"] = 36
print(shoes)
//输出结果为:
{'sandal': 'pink', 'high heel': 36, 'running shoes': 'white'}
删除键-值对,可使用del语句删除,必须指定字典名和要删除的键。
shoes = {"sandal": "pink", "high heel": "black", "running shoes": "white"}
del shoes["high heel"]
print(shoes)
//输出结果为:
{'sandal': 'pink', 'running shoes': 'white'} //在输出的结果中,键“high heel”和与之相对应的值“black”已经被删除