LearnOpenGL-CN笔记(二)

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-12 15:41:52 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-01-12 15:41:52 发布
阅读量306 收藏
点赞数
分类专栏： 笔记
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Apathetical/article/details/109354650
版权

光照

颜色
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "Shader.h"
#include "Camera.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <stb_image.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);

const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));

float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
float firstMouse = true;

float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;

glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);

int main() {
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);

    GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "RenderTest", nullptr, nullptr);

    if(window == nullptr) {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

    if(!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    Shader lightingShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/1.colors.vs",
                          "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/1.colors.fs");
    Shader lightCubeShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/1.light_cube.vs",
                           "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/1.light_cube.fs");

    float vertices[] = {
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,

        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,

        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,

        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,

        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,

        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,
    };

    unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    unsigned int lightCubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
        deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
        lastFrame = currentFrame;

        processInput(window);

        glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        lightingShader.use();
        lightingShader.setVec3("objectColor", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("lightColor", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

        glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom),
                                                (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
        glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
        lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);

        glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        lightCubeShader.use();
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);
        model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        model = glm::translate(model, lightPos);
        model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f));
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow *window) {
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height) {
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos) {
    if(firstMouse) {
        lastX = xpos;
        lastY = ypos;
        firstMouse = false;
    }

    float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    float yoffset = lastY - ypos;

    lastX = xpos;
    lastY = ypos;

    camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}

void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset) {
    camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}
基础光照
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "Shader.h"
#include "Camera.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <stb_image.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);

const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));

float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
float firstMouse = true;

float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;

glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);

int main() {
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);

    GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "RenderTest", nullptr, nullptr);

    if(window == nullptr) {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

    if(!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    Shader lightingShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/2.1.basic_lighting.vs",
                          "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/2.1.basic_lighting.fs");
    Shader lightCubeShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/2.1.light_cube.vs",
                           "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/2.1.light_cube.fs");

    float vertices[] = {
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,

        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,

        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,

        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,

        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f
    };

    unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

    unsigned int lightCubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
        deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
        lastFrame = currentFrame;

        processInput(window);

        glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        lightingShader.use();
        lightingShader.setVec3("objectColor", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("lightColor", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("lightPos", lightPos.x, lightPos.y, lightPos.z);
        lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position.x, camera.Position.y, camera.Position.z);

        glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom),
                                                (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
        glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
        lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);

        glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        lightCubeShader.use();
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);
        model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        model = glm::translate(model, lightPos);
        model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f));
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow *window) {
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_E) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(UP, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_Q) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(DOWN, deltaTime);
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height) {
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos) {
    if(firstMouse) {
        lastX = xpos;
        lastY = ypos;
        firstMouse = false;
    }

    float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    float yoffset = lastY - ypos;

    lastX = xpos;
    lastY = ypos;

    camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}

void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset) {
    camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}
材质
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "Shader.h"
#include "Camera.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <stb_image.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);

const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));

float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
float firstMouse = true;

float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;

glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
glm::vec3 lightColor;

int main() {
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);

    GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "RenderTest", nullptr, nullptr);

    if(window == nullptr) {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

    if(!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    Shader lightingShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.materials.vs",
                          "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.materials.fs");
    Shader lightCubeShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.light_cube.vs",
                           "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.light_cube.fs");

    float vertices[] = {
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,

        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,

        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,

        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,

        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f
    };

    unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

    unsigned int lightCubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
        deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
        lastFrame = currentFrame;

        processInput(window);

        glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        glm::vec3 lightPos_ = lightPos;
        lightPos_.x += sin(currentFrame) * 1.0f;
        lightPos_.y += cos(currentFrame) * 1.0f;

        lightColor.x = sin(glfwGetTime() * 2.0f);
        lightColor.y = sin(glfwGetTime() * 0.7f);
        lightColor.z = sin(glfwGetTime() * 1.3f);

        glm::vec3 diffuseColor = lightColor * glm::vec3(0.5f);
        glm::vec3 ambientColor = diffuseColor * glm::vec3(0.2);

        lightingShader.use();

        lightingShader.setVec3("material.ambient", ambientColor.x, ambientColor.y, ambientColor.z);
        lightingShader.setVec3("material.diffuse", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);
        lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);

        lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

        lightingShader.setVec3("lightPos", lightPos_.x, lightPos_.y, lightPos_.z);
        lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position.x, camera.Position.y, camera.Position.z);

        glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom),
                                                (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
        glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
        lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);

        glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        lightCubeShader.use();
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);
        lightCubeShader.setVec3("lightColor", lightColor.x, lightColor.y, lightColor.z);
        model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        model = glm::translate(model, lightPos_);
        model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f));
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow *window) {
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_E) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(UP, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_Q) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(DOWN, deltaTime);
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height) {
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos) {
    if(firstMouse) {
        lastX = xpos;
        lastY = ypos;
        firstMouse = false;
    }

    float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    float yoffset = lastY - ypos;

    lastX = xpos;
    lastY = ypos;

    camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}

void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset) {
    camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}
光照贴图
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "Shader.h"
#include "Camera.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <stb_image.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);
unsigned int loadTexture(const char *path);

const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));

float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
float firstMouse = true;

float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;

glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
glm::vec3 lightColor;

int main() {
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);

    GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "RenderTest", nullptr, nullptr);

    if(window == nullptr) {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

    if(!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    Shader lightingShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/4.1.lighting_maps.vs",
                          "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/4.1.lighting_maps.fs");
    Shader lightCubeShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.light_cube.vs",
                           "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.light_cube.fs");

    float vertices[] = {
            // positions          // normals           // texture coords
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,

            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f
    };

    unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);

    unsigned int lightCubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/resources/textures/"
                                          "container2.png");

    unsigned int specularMap = loadTexture("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/resources/textures/"
                                           "container2_specular.png");

    lightingShader.use();
    lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
    lightingShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);

    while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
        deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
        lastFrame = currentFrame;

        processInput(window);

        glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        glm::vec3 lightPos_ = lightPos;
        lightPos_.x += sin(currentFrame) * 1.0f;
        lightPos_.y += cos(currentFrame) * 1.0f;

        lightColor.x = sin(glfwGetTime() * 2.0f) / 2 + 0.5;
        lightColor.y = sin(glfwGetTime() * 0.7f) / 2 + 0.5;
        lightColor.z = sin(glfwGetTime() * 1.3f) / 2 + 0.5;

        glm::vec3 diffuseColor = lightColor * glm::vec3(0.5f);
        glm::vec3 ambientColor = diffuseColor * glm::vec3(0.2);

        lightingShader.use();

        lightingShader.setVec3("material.ambient", ambientColor.x, ambientColor.y, ambientColor.z);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("material.diffuse", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);
        lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);

        lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);

        lightingShader.setVec3("lightPos", lightPos_.x, lightPos_.y, lightPos_.z);
        lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position.x, camera.Position.y, camera.Position.z);

        glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom),
                                                (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
        glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
        lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);

        glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, specularMap);

        glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        lightCubeShader.use();
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);
        lightCubeShader.setVec3("lightColor", lightColor.x, lightColor.y, lightColor.z);
        model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        model = glm::translate(model, lightPos_);
        model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f));
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow *window) {
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_E) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(UP, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_Q) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(DOWN, deltaTime);
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height) {
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos) {
    if(firstMouse) {
        lastX = xpos;
        lastY = ypos;
        firstMouse = false;
    }

    float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    float yoffset = lastY - ypos;

    lastX = xpos;
    lastY = ypos;

    camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}

void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset) {
    camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}

unsigned int loadTexture(char const *path) {
    unsigned int textureID;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureID);

    int width, height, nrComponents;
    unsigned char *data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);

    if(data) {
        GLenum format;
        if(nrComponents == 1)
            format = GL_RED;
        else if(nrComponents == 3)
            format = GL_RGB;
        else if(nrComponents == 4)
            format = GL_RGBA;

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

        stbi_image_free(data);
    }
    else {
        std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
        stbi_image_free(data);
    }

    return textureID;
}
放射光贴图
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "Shader.h"
#include "Camera.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <stb_image.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);
unsigned int loadTexture(const char *path);

const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));

float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
float firstMouse = true;

float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;

glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
glm::vec3 lightColor;

int main() {
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);

    GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "RenderTest", nullptr, nullptr);

    if(window == nullptr) {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

    if(!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    Shader lightingShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/4.1.lighting_maps.vs",
                          "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/4.1.lighting_maps.fs");
    Shader lightCubeShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.light_cube.vs",
                           "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.light_cube.fs");

    float vertices[] = {
            // positions          // normals           // texture coords
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,

            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f
    };

    unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);

    unsigned int lightCubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/resources/textures/"
                                          "container2.png");

    unsigned int specularMap = loadTexture("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/resources/textures/"
                                           "container2_specular.png");

    unsigned int emissionMap = loadTexture("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/resources/textures/"
                                           "container2_emission.jpg");

    lightingShader.use();
    lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
    lightingShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);
    lightingShader.setInt("material.emission", 2);

    while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
        deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
        lastFrame = currentFrame;

        processInput(window);

        glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        glm::vec3 lightPos_ = lightPos;
        lightPos_.x += sin(currentFrame) * 1.0f;
        lightPos_.y += cos(currentFrame) * 1.0f;

        lightColor.x = sin(glfwGetTime() * 2.0f) / 2 + 0.5;
        lightColor.y = sin(glfwGetTime() * 0.7f) / 2 + 0.5;
        lightColor.z = sin(glfwGetTime() * 1.3f) / 2 + 0.5;

        glm::vec3 diffuseColor = lightColor * glm::vec3(0.5f);
        glm::vec3 ambientColor = diffuseColor * glm::vec3(0.2);

        lightingShader.use();

        lightingShader.setVec3("material.ambient", ambientColor.x, ambientColor.y, ambientColor.z);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("material.diffuse", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);
        lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);

        lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);

        lightingShader.setVec3("lightPos", lightPos_.x, lightPos_.y, lightPos_.z);
        lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position.x, camera.Position.y, camera.Position.z);

        glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom),
                                                (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
        glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
        lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);

        glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, specularMap);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, emissionMap);

        glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        lightCubeShader.use();
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);
        lightCubeShader.setVec3("lightColor", lightColor.x, lightColor.y, lightColor.z);
        model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        model = glm::translate(model, lightPos_);
        model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f));
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow *window) {
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_E) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(UP, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_Q) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(DOWN, deltaTime);
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height) {
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos) {
    if(firstMouse) {
        lastX = xpos;
        lastY = ypos;
        firstMouse = false;
    }

    float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    float yoffset = lastY - ypos;

    lastX = xpos;
    lastY = ypos;

    camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}

void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset) {
    camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}

unsigned int loadTexture(char const *path) {
    unsigned int textureID;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureID);

    int width, height, nrComponents;
    unsigned char *data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);

    if(data) {
        GLenum format;
        if(nrComponents == 1)
            format = GL_RED;
        else if(nrComponents == 3)
            format = GL_RGB;
        else if(nrComponents == 4)
            format = GL_RGBA;

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

        stbi_image_free(data);
    }
    else {
        std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
        stbi_image_free(data);
    }

    return textureID;
}
手电筒效果

.vs记得处理一下旋转后的箱子法线，此处debug3小时

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "Shader.h"
#include "Camera.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <stb_image.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);
unsigned int loadTexture(const char *path);

const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));

float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
float firstMouse = true;

float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;

glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
glm::vec3 lightColor;

int main() {
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);

    GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "RenderTest", nullptr, nullptr);

    if(window == nullptr) {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

    if(!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    Shader lightingShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/5.1.light_casters.vs",
                          "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/5.1.light_casters.fs");
    Shader lightCubeShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.light_cube.vs",
                           "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.light_cube.fs");

    float vertices[] = {
            // positions          // normals           // texture coords
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,

            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
            -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f
    };

    glm::vec3 cubePositions[] = {
        glm::vec3( 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f),
        glm::vec3( 2.0f,  5.0f, -15.0f),
        glm::vec3(-1.5f, -2.2f, -2.5f),
        glm::vec3(-3.8f, -2.0f, -12.3f),
        glm::vec3( 2.4f, -0.4f, -3.5f),
        glm::vec3(-1.7f,  3.0f, -7.5f),
        glm::vec3( 1.3f, -2.0f, -2.5f),
        glm::vec3( 1.5f,  2.0f, -2.5f),
        glm::vec3( 1.5f,  0.2f, -1.5f),
        glm::vec3(-1.3f,  1.0f, -1.5f),
    };

    unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);

    unsigned int lightCubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/resources/textures/"
                                          "container2.png");

    unsigned int specularMap = loadTexture("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/resources/textures/"
                                           "container2_specular.png");

    unsigned int emissionMap = loadTexture("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/resources/textures/"
                                           "container2_emission.jpg");

    lightingShader.use();
    lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
    lightingShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);
    lightingShader.setInt("material.emission", 2);

    while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
        deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
        lastFrame = currentFrame;

        processInput(window);

        glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        glm::vec3 lightPos_ = lightPos;
//        lightPos_.x += sin(currentFrame) * 1.0f;
//        lightPos_.y += cos(currentFrame) * 1.0f;

//        lightColor.x = sin(glfwGetTime() * 2.0f) / 2 + 0.5;
//        lightColor.y = sin(glfwGetTime() * 0.7f) / 2 + 0.5;
//        lightColor.z = sin(glfwGetTime() * 1.3f) / 2 + 0.5;
        lightColor.x = lightColor.y = lightColor.z = 1.0f;

        glm::vec3 diffuseColor = lightColor * glm::vec3(0.5f);
        glm::vec3 ambientColor = diffuseColor * glm::vec3(0.2);

        lightingShader.use();

        lightingShader.setVec3("material.ambient", ambientColor.x, ambientColor.y, ambientColor.z);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("material.diffuse", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);
        lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);

        lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

        lightingShader.setFloat("light.constant", 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("light.linear", 0.09f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("light.quadratic", 0.032f);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("light.direction", -0.2f, -1.0f, -0.3f);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);
//        lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z);

//        lightingShader.setVec3("light.position", lightPos_.x, lightPos_.y, lightPos_.z);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.position", camera.Position.x, camera.Position.y, camera.Position.z);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.direction", camera.Front.x, camera.Front.y, camera.Front.z);
        lightingShader.setFloat("light.cutOff", glm::cos(glm::radians(12.5f)));
        lightingShader.setFloat("light.outCutOff", glm::cos(glm::radians(20.0f)));

        lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position.x, camera.Position.y, camera.Position.z);

        glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom),
                                                (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
        glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
        lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);

//        glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
//        lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, specularMap);
//        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, emissionMap);

        glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);

        for(unsigned int i = 0;i < 10;i ++) {
            glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
            model = glm::translate(model, cubePositions[i]);
            float angle = 20.0f * i;
            model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
            lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
            glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
        }

//        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
//
        lightCubeShader.use();
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);
        lightCubeShader.setVec3("lightColor", lightColor.x, lightColor.y, lightColor.z);
        glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        model = glm::translate(model, lightPos_);
        model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f));
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow *window) {
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_E) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(UP, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_Q) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(DOWN, deltaTime);
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height) {
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos) {
    if(firstMouse) {
        lastX = xpos;
        lastY = ypos;
        firstMouse = false;
    }

    float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    float yoffset = lastY - ypos;

    lastX = xpos;
    lastY = ypos;

    camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}

void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset) {
    camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}

unsigned int loadTexture(char const *path) {
    unsigned int textureID;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureID);

    int width, height, nrComponents;
    unsigned char *data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);

    if(data) {
        GLenum format;
        if(nrComponents == 1)
            format = GL_RED;
        else if(nrComponents == 3)
            format = GL_RGB;
        else if(nrComponents == 4)
            format = GL_RGBA;

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

        stbi_image_free(data);
    }
    else {
        std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
        stbi_image_free(data);
    }

    return textureID;
}
多光源
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "Shader.h"
#include "Camera.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <stb_image.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);
unsigned int loadTexture(const char *path);

const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));

float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
float firstMouse = true;

float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;

//glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
glm::vec3 lightColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

int main() {
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);

    GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "RenderTest", nullptr, nullptr);

    if(window == nullptr) {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

    if(!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    Shader lightingShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/6.multiple_lights.vs",
                          "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/6.multiple_lights.fs");
    Shader lightCubeShader("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.light_cube.vs",
                           "/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/shader_file/3.1.light_cube.fs");

    float vertices[] = {
        // positions          // normals           // texture coords
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,

        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f
    };

    glm::vec3 cubePositions[] = {
        glm::vec3( 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f),
        glm::vec3( 2.0f,  5.0f, -15.0f),
        glm::vec3(-1.5f, -2.2f, -2.5f),
        glm::vec3(-3.8f, -2.0f, -12.3f),
        glm::vec3( 2.4f, -0.4f, -3.5f),
        glm::vec3(-1.7f,  3.0f, -7.5f),
        glm::vec3( 1.3f, -2.0f, -2.5f),
        glm::vec3( 1.5f,  2.0f, -2.5f),
        glm::vec3( 1.5f,  0.2f, -1.5f),
        glm::vec3(-1.3f,  1.0f, -1.5f),
    };

    glm::vec3 pointLightPositions[] = {
        glm::vec3( 0.7f,  0.2f,  2.0f),
        glm::vec3( 2.3f, -3.3f, -4.0f),
        glm::vec3(-4.0f,  2.0f, -12.0f),
        glm::vec3( 0.0f,  0.0f, -3.0f)
    };

    unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);

    unsigned int lightCubeVAO;

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/resources/textures/"
                                          "container2.png");

    unsigned int specularMap = loadTexture("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/resources/textures/"
                                           "container2_specular.png");

    unsigned int emissionMap = loadTexture("/Users/apathetically/CLionProjects/RenderTest/resources/textures/"
                                           "container2_emission.jpg");

    lightingShader.use();
    lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
    lightingShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);
    lightingShader.setInt("material.emission", 2);

    while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
        deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
        lastFrame = currentFrame;

        processInput(window);

        glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        lightingShader.use();
        lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);
        lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);

        // directional light
        lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.direction", -0.2f, -1.0f, -0.3f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.diffuse", 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
        // point light 1
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].position", pointLightPositions[0]);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[0].constant", 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[0].linear", 0.09);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[0].quadratic", 0.032);
        // point light 2
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].position", pointLightPositions[1]);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[1].constant", 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[1].linear", 0.09);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[1].quadratic", 0.032);
        // point light 3
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].position", pointLightPositions[2]);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[2].constant", 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[2].linear", 0.09);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[2].quadratic", 0.032);
        // point light 4
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].position", pointLightPositions[3]);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[3].constant", 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[3].linear", 0.09);
        lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[3].quadratic", 0.032);
        // spotLight
        lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.position", camera.Position);
        lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.direction", camera.Front);
        lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.ambient", 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.diffuse", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.constant", 1.0f);
        lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.linear", 0.09);
        lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.quadratic", 0.032);
        lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.cutOff", glm::cos(glm::radians(12.5f)));
        lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.outerCutOff", glm::cos(glm::radians(15.0f)));

        glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom),
                                                (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
        glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
        lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);


        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, specularMap);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, emissionMap);

        glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);

        for(unsigned int i = 0;i < 10;i ++) {
            glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
            model = glm::translate(model, cubePositions[i]);
            float angle = 20.0f * i;
            model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
            lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
            glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
        }

//        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
//
        lightCubeShader.use();
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);
        lightCubeShader.setVec3("lightColor", lightColor.x, lightColor.y, lightColor.z);
        glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
        for(unsigned int i = 0;i < 4;i ++) {
            glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
            model = glm::translate(model, pointLightPositions[i]);
            model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f));
            lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);
            glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
        }

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow *window) {
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_E) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(UP, deltaTime);
    if(glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_Q) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(DOWN, deltaTime);
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int width, int height) {
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xpos, double ypos) {
    if(firstMouse) {
        lastX = xpos;
        lastY = ypos;
        firstMouse = false;
    }

    float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    float yoffset = lastY - ypos;

    lastX = xpos;
    lastY = ypos;

    camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}

void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow *window, double xoffset, double yoffset) {
    camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}

unsigned int loadTexture(char const *path) {
    unsigned int textureID;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureID);

    int width, height, nrComponents;
    unsigned char *data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);

    if(data) {
        GLenum format;
        if(nrComponents == 1)
            format = GL_RED;
        else if(nrComponents == 3)
            format = GL_RGB;
        else if(nrComponents == 4)
            format = GL_RGBA;

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

        stbi_image_free(data);
    }
    else {
        std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
        stbi_image_free(data);
    }

    return textureID;
}

在这里插入图片描述

Apathetical
关注
  • 0
    点赞
  • 踩
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
专栏目录
HCIE-DC笔记及面试宝典
09-24
HCIE-DC笔记及面试宝典 HCIE-DC笔记及面试宝典 HCIE-DC笔记及面试宝典 HCIE-DC笔记及面试宝典
数通认证HCIP-Datacom笔记
最新发布
04-16
数通认证HCIP-Datacom笔记
图像处理基础篇1：颜色空间 RGB、HSV
qq_39075859的博客
07-15 1903
RGB是我们接触最多的颜色空间，由三个通道表示一幅图像，分别为红色(R)，绿色(G)和蓝色(B)。这三种颜色的不同组合可以形成几乎所有的其他颜色。RGB颜色空间是图像处理中最基本、最常用、面向硬件的颜色空间，比较容易理解。HSV表达彩色图像的方式由三个部分组成Hue（色调、色相）Saturation（饱和度、色彩纯净度）Value（明度）...
LAB颜色空间各通道的取值范围
回家吃饭的ZJ 的博客
02-18 2万+
同RGB颜色空间相比，Lab是一种不常用的色彩空间。它是在1931年国际照明委员会（CIE）制定的颜色度量国际标准的基础上建立起来的。1976年，经修改后被正式命名为CIELab。它是一种设备无关的颜色系统，也是一种基于生理特征的颜色系统。这也就意味着，它是用数字化的方法来描述人的视觉感应。Lab颜色空间中的L分量用于表示像素的亮度，取值范围是[0,100],表示从纯黑到纯白；a表示从红色到绿色的
LearnOpenGL CN 中文官方主页
aoxuestudy的专栏
01-10 7743
LearnOpenGL CN 中文官方主页 1.https://learnopengl-cn.github.io/ openGL入门的最好教材之一 点击下一节 上面图片的红色线框内 可以看到英文原版，和中文翻译，以及随时源码 ...
opencv对RGB，hsv，hsi的转化，理解
fu6543210的博客
04-13 1766
在线颜色对照网站http://www.atool.org/colorpicker.php百度百科对RGB定义https://baike.baidu.com/item/RGB/342517hsv与hsi区分理解http://www.360doc.com/content/13/1105/14/10724725_326803150.shtmlRGB转换到HSIhttp://blog.sina.com.c...
Java-反射笔记.pdf
12-03
Java-反射笔记.pdf
javase-学习笔记.pdf
11-28
javase-学习笔记.pdf
HCIP-Datacom 笔记.exe
06-16
HCIP-Datacom 笔记.exe
Learn OpenGL CN
04-07
OpenGL
OpenGL手册国内镜像，docs.gl，learnopengl-cn，opengl-tutorial
03-21 3791
docs.gl，learnopengl-cn，opengl-tutorial 国内镜像
RGB图像三个分量的理解和显示
热门推荐
Hello_Chan的博客
04-09 3万+
RGB图像由格式为M×N×３的三维数组组成，其中的“3”可以理解为三幅M×N的二维图像（灰度值图像）。这三幅图像分别代表R、G、B分量，每个分量的取值范围是[0,255]。 （三维数组的构建、） 有两种方法可以将RGB图像的三个分量分别显示出来，但显示效果不一样： 灰度值显示法 该方法比较简单，通过提取R、G、B分量，再分别显示出来，matlab代码如下： RGB = imread(‘baby....
1-2、数字图像处理基础
xjb写写
09-02 4019
数学建模题目中有时会涉及到与数字图像有关的操作。在这类题目中，往往不会涉及到太多与数字图像处理相关的专业知识，但是要求程序员了解图像存储格式与常用基础操作等。 一、数字图像常用存储格式。数字图像在计算机中以矩阵形式存储，通过一个或多个数字表示每个点的数值大小来控制每个像素点的颜色变化。常见的存储类型有灰度图像、RGB图像、二值图像、HSI图像等等。在这里我们着重介绍灰度图像与RGB图像。灰度图像，顾
跟着LearnOpenGLCN学习OpenGL配置GLAD环境时出现无法解析外部符号问题的解决
weixin_44175450的博客
04-08 1655
根据LearnOpenGLCN里的步骤： 1.将解压下来的glad和KHR直接复制到glfw-3.3.4.bin.WIN32的include里。 2.glad.c放到工程文件中去。 3.GLFW和GLAD配置环境 第一步： 第二步： 在配置环境后，运行调用窗口代码，出现以下错误： 错误 LNK2019 无法解析的外部符号 _gladLoadGLLoader，函数 _main 中引用了该符号 OpenGLTest；错误 LNK2001 无法解析的外部符号 _glad_debug_glViewport；
【OpenGL学习】OpenGL介绍
miyazono_的博客
01-12 3335
OpenGL学习笔记
OpenGL学习之路
wd1603926823的专栏
12-14 6957
鱼眼校正---拼接融合-----全景漫游，前两步都过了一下，在泊松融合上停留了差不多一个月，拖了太久，从昨天开始决定踏入第三步全景漫游，首先学习OpenGL，昨天基本上找了一天资料，然后用VC++6.0配置OpenGL，我是按照http://blog.csdn.net/makenothing/article/details/8451573这个人的进行配置的，全部配置好后，运行这个test程序，结果
向前光照和延后光照渲染器问题和原理
自由理想的足迹
05-19 3014
首先光照分为实时光照和烘焙光照，这里讨论的是对动态物体采用的实时光照。 1.为何提前光照计算在多光源下需要多个drawcall? 因为光照计算主要涉及点光源，聚光灯，平行光，环境光；主要的光照计算是 漫反色光照模型：Cd = max( dot(l,n), 0) * Sdiff + Mdiff. 镜面反色模型：blinn:Cs = pow( max( dot( normalize( l+v

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么？

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付：10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明：

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币，按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载，可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值