OpenGL: 绘制效果保存成图片

    opengl中有一个非常有用的函数：glReadPixels()，可以读取各种缓冲区（深度、颜色，etc）的数值。要将opengl的绘制场景保存成图片，也需要使用这个函数。

    一个简单的例子见如下的c程序。按键盘上的“C”键，可以将读取的图像缓冲区数据存储成tmpcolor.txt。

#include "windows.h"
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <GL/GLAUX.H>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//
typedef GLbyte* bytePt;

int winWidth = 400;
int winHeight = 400;
int arrLen = winWidth * winHeight * 3;
GLbyte* colorArr = new GLbyte[ arrLen ];

void saveColorData(bytePt& _pt, string& _str) {
FILE* pFile = NULL;
pFile = fopen(_str.c_str(), "wt");
if(!pFile) { fprintf(stderr, "error \n"); exit(-1); }

for(int i=0; i<winWidth * winHeight * 3; i ++) {
if(colorArr[i] == -1) { colorArr[i] = 255; }
}

for(int i=0; i<winWidth * winHeight * 3; i ++) {
fprintf(pFile, "%d\n", colorArr[i]);
}
fclose(pFile);
printf("color data saved! \n");
}

void init() {
glClearColor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.0);
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
}

void display() {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
gluLookAt(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(45.0, 1.0, 0.1, 500.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glVertex3f(0.0, 25.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-25.0, -25.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(25.0, -25.0, 0.0);
glEnd();

glFlush();
}

void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x , int y) {
GLint viewPort[4] = {0};
switch(key) {
case 'c':
case 'C':
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewPort);
glReadPixels(viewPort[0], viewPort[1], viewPort[2], viewPort[3], GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, colorArr);
printf("color data read !\n");
saveColorData(colorArr, (string)"tmpcolor.txt");
default:
break;
}
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowPosition(200, 200);
glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);
glutCreateWindow(argv[0]);
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
glutMainLoop();

delete [] colorArr;

return 0;
}

    tmpcolor.txt 中将每个像素的颜色按R、G、B顺序存放成了一个向量，即（R,G,B,R,G,B,...）。而且，读取缓冲区时的坐标原点是窗口坐标系的坐标原点（图片左下角）；因此，可以在matlab中通过调整得到原来的图片：

function test
    a = load('tmpcolor.txt');
 
    pos = find(a == -1);
    a(pos) = 255;
 
    r = a(1:3:end);
    g = a(2:3:end);
    b = a(3:3:end);
    img = zeros(400,400,3);
    img(:,:,1) = reshape(r,[400,400]);
    img(:,:,2) = reshape(g,[400,400]);
    img(:,:,3) = reshape(b,[400,400]);
    img = uint8(img);
    
    tmpR = zeros(400,400);  tmpR = img(:,:,1);
    tmpG = zeros(400,400);  tmpG = img(:,:,2);
    tmpB = zeros(400,400);  tmpB = img(:,:,3);
    
    for i=1:1:400
        img(i,:,1) = tmpR(:,400-i+1);
        img(i,:,2) = tmpG(:,400-i+1);
        img(i,:,3) = tmpB(:,400-i+1);
    end
    
    figure;
    imshow(img);
end

    当然，读到数据后，可以直接使用openCV等工具方便地存储图片。一段对应的opencv代码为：

void saveColorData2img(bytePt& _pt, string& _str) {
cv::Mat img;
vector<cv::Mat> imgPlanes;
img.create(winHeight, winWidth, CV_8UC3);
cv::split(img, imgPlanes);

for(int i = 0; i < winHeight; i ++) {
UCHAR* plane0Ptr = imgPlanes[0].ptr<UCHAR>(i);
UCHAR* plane1Ptr = imgPlanes[1].ptr<UCHAR>(i);
UCHAR* plane2Ptr = imgPlanes[2].ptr<UCHAR>(i);
for(int j = 0; j < winWidth; j ++) {
int k = 3 * (i * winWidth + j);
plane2Ptr[j] = _pt[k];
plane1Ptr[j] = _pt[k+1];
plane0Ptr[j] = _pt[k+2];
}
}
cv::merge(imgPlanes, img);
cv::flip(img, img ,0); // !!!
cv::imwrite(_str.c_str(), img);

printf("opencv save opengl img done! \n");
}

    需要注意的是，如果想要把集成在MFC中的openGL场景转存成图片，因为MFC中的像素格式只支持RGBA和颜色索引，所以 glReadPixels 中需要使用 GL_RGBA 作为参数。对应写了一个C++类，可供参考：

class glGrabber {
public:
glGrabber();
~glGrabber();

void glGrab();
void saveColorData2Img(string& _str);
private:
GLbyte* colorArr;
GLint viewPort[4];
int winWidth;
int winHeight;
};

//
glGrabber::glGrabber() {
colorArr = NULL;
}

//
glGrabber::~glGrabber() {
if(colorArr!=NULL) { delete [] colorArr; colorArr = NULL; }
}

//
void glGrabber::glGrab() {
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, viewPort);
if(colorArr != NULL) { delete [] colorArr; colorArr = NULL; }
winWidth = viewPort[2];
winHeight = viewPort[3];

colorArr = new GLbyte[ winWidth * winHeight * 4 ]; // MFC的像素格式只支持RGBA

glReadPixels(viewPort[0], viewPort[1], viewPort[2], viewPort[3], GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, colorArr); // RGBA

printf("x: %d, y: %d, window width: %d, window height: %d \n", viewPort[0], viewPort[1], viewPort[2], viewPort[3]);
printf("color data read! \n");
}

//
void glGrabber::saveColorData2Img(string& _str) {
cv::Mat img;
vector<cv::Mat> imgPlanes;
img.create(winHeight, winWidth, CV_8UC3);
cv::split(img, imgPlanes);

for(int i = 0; i < winHeight; i ++) {
UCHAR* plane0Ptr = imgPlanes[0].ptr<UCHAR>(i);
UCHAR* plane1Ptr = imgPlanes[1].ptr<UCHAR>(i);
UCHAR* plane2Ptr = imgPlanes[2].ptr<UCHAR>(i);
for(int j = 0; j < winWidth; j ++) {
int k = 4 * (i * winWidth + j); // RGBA
plane2Ptr[j] = colorArr[k];
plane1Ptr[j] = colorArr[k+1];
plane0Ptr[j] = colorArr[k+2];
}
}

cv::merge(imgPlanes, img);
cv::flip(img, img ,0); // !!!
cv::namedWindow("openglGrab");
cv::imshow("openglGrab", img);
cv::waitKey();

//cv::imwrite(_str.c_str(), img);

printf("opencv save opengl img done! \n");
}

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_8e6bfecf0100xd6r.html