python(8):使用conda update更新conda后，anaconda所有环境崩溃----问题没有解决，不要轻易更新conda

0. 教训

(1) 不要轻易使用conda update更新conda----我遇到了解决不了的问题
python
(2) 使用python时一定要用工具，如anaconda等，管理自己创建的虚拟环境，不要让自己创建的环境污染系统的base环境，不然就需要重新安装系统了----我这里目前最好的解决方案是删除并重装anaconda

1. 问题:使用conda update更新conda后，anaconda所有环境崩溃

(系统的base没有崩溃)
系统：ubuntu18.04

1.1 问题描述

在创建的虚拟环境中安装包时，提示更新conda

==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 22.9.0
  latest version: 23.1.0

Please update conda by running

    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda

我更新后，报错如下：

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
Retrieving notices: ...working... failed
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1129, in __call__
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 86, in main_subshell
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/cli/conda_argparse.py", line 93, in do_call
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/notices/core.py", line 75, in wrapper
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/notices/core.py", line 39, in display_notices
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/notices/http.py", line 36, in get_notice_responses
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/notices/http.py", line 39, in <genexpr>
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 621, in result_iterator
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 319, in _result_or_cancel
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 458, in result
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 403, in __get_result
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/concurrent/futures/thread.py", line 58, in run
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/notices/http.py", line 42, in <lambda>
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/notices/cache.py", line 37, in wrapper
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/notices/http.py", line 58, in get_channel_notice_response
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 600, in get
    return self.request("GET", url, **kwargs)
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 587, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 701, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 460, in send
    self.cert_verify(conn, request.url, verify, cert)
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 263, in cert_verify
    raise OSError(
OSError: Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: /home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/bin/conda", line 15, in <module>
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 129, in main
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1429, in conda_exception_handler
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1132, in __call__
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1172, in handle_exception
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1183, in handle_unexpected_exception
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1245, in print_unexpected_error_report
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'conda.cli.main_info'

重点报错有两条，依次为：
Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: /home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'conda.cli.main_info'

然后无论是在anaconda的虚拟环境还是anaconda的base环境，运行conda xx等命令都会报错ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tqdm'

meng@meng:~/Downloads/cmake-3.18.0$ conda env list
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/bin/conda", line 13, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 101, in main
    from ..exceptions import conda_exception_handler
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 30, in <module>
    from .common.io import dashlist, timeout
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/common/io.py", line 23, in <module>
    from tqdm import tqdm
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tqdm'

使用pip安装tqdm也不行，这里应该是pip在conda更新的过程中被卸载了

meng@meng:~/Downloads/cmake-3.18.0$ pip install tqdm
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/bin/pip", line 7, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.main import main
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pip'

1.2 我搜索到的全网最相关的问题----也没有解决

conda update causes ImportError: No module named tqdm

3 尝试流程记录

（退出anaconda的虚拟环境，应该是不允许的），另开一个终端，进入anaconda的base环境

3.1 重新安装pip

参考：anaconda虚拟环境中误删pip问题（No module named pip）

python -m ensurepip #(这好像是重新安装pip)
python -m pip install --upgrade pip #(这好像是更新pip)

会有比较多红色的报错，但好像安装上了

再运行conda相关命令，还是报错，主要报错为ImportError: libffi.so.8: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

3.2 解决anaconda编译问题----没成功

参考：ImportError: libffi.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory解决方法

cd anaconda3/lib
ls | grep "libffi"
ln -s libffi.so.7 libffi.so.8

还是不行，报错如下，主要报错为ImportError: /home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/../../libffi.so.8: version LIBFFI_CLOSURE_8.0’ not found (required by /home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)`

meng@meng:~/Downloads/cmake-3.18.0$ conda env list
KeyError('pkgs_dirs')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1124, in __call__
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 57, in main_subshell
    p = generate_parser()
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/conda_argparse.py", line 41, in generate_parser
    description='conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications,'
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/conda_argparse.py", line 117, in __init__
    self._subcommands = context.plugin_manager.get_hook_results("subcommands")
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/base/context.py", line 422, in plugin_manager
    from ..plugins.manager import get_plugin_manager
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/plugins/manager.py", line 9, in <module>
    from . import solvers, virtual_packages
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/plugins/virtual_packages/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from . import archspec, cuda, linux, osx, windows
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/plugins/virtual_packages/cuda.py", line 3, in <module>
    import ctypes
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ImportError: /home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/../../libffi.so.8: version `LIBFFI_CLOSURE_8.0' not found (required by /home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1244, in print_unexpected_error_report
    message_builder.append(get_main_info_str(error_report['conda_info']))
  File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/main_info.py", line 236, in get_main_info_str
    info_dict['_' + key] = ('\n' + 26 * ' ').join(info_dict[key])
KeyError: 'pkgs_dirs'

# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ERROR REPORT <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1124, in __call__
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
      File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 57, in main_subshell
        p = generate_parser()
      File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/conda_argparse.py", line 41, in generate_parser
        description='conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications,'
      File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/conda_argparse.py", line 117, in __init__
        self._subcommands = context.plugin_manager.get_hook_results("subcommands")
      File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/base/context.py", line 422, in plugin_manager
        from ..plugins.manager import get_plugin_manager
      File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/plugins/manager.py", line 9, in <module>
        from . import solvers, virtual_packages
      File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/plugins/virtual_packages/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
        from . import archspec, cuda, linux, osx, windows
      File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/plugins/virtual_packages/cuda.py", line 3, in <module>
        import ctypes
      File "/home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
        from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
    ImportError: /home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/../../libffi.so.8: version `LIBFFI_CLOSURE_8.0' not found (required by /home/meng/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)

`$ /home/meng/anaconda3/bin/conda env list`

  environment variables:
conda info could not be constructed.
KeyError('pkgs_dirs')

An unexpected error has occurred. Conda has prepared the above report.

If submitted, this report will be used by core maintainers to improve
future releases of conda.
Would you like conda to send this report to the core maintainers? [y/N]: n

No report sent. To permanently opt-out, use

    $ conda config --set report_errors false