2020美赛D题翻译

Problem D: Teaming Strategies

随着社会之间的联系越来越紧密,他们面临的挑战也越来越复杂。我们依靠具有不同专业知识和不同见解的跨学科团队来解决许多最具挑战性的问题。在过去的50多年中,我们对团队成功的概念性理解有了很大进步,从而使更好的科学,创意或物理团队可以解决这些复杂的问题。研究人员报告了组建团队的最佳策略,队友之间的最佳互动以及理想的领导风格。跨各个部门和领域的强大团队能够通过个人努力或一系列队友的附加贡献来完成无法完成的复杂任务。

探索团队过程的最有用的设置之一是竞技团队运动。团体运动必须遵守严格的规则,包括但不限于球员人数,他们的角色,球员之间的允许接触,他们的位置和动作,获得的积分以及违规后果。团队的成功不仅仅是个人能力的总和。而是基于许多其他因素,这些因素涉及队友的比赛表现。这些因素可能包括团队是否具有多种技能(一个人可能很快,而另一个人很准确),团队在个人绩效与集体绩效之间的平衡程度(明星球员可以帮助利用其所有队友的技能),以及球队在一段时间内有效协调的能力(一名球员从对方手中抢断球,另一名球员准备进攻)。

根据您的建模技巧,爱斯基摩人,您的主场足球(在欧洲和其他地方称为足球)团队的教练已要求贵公司Intrepid Champion Modeling(ICM)帮助您了解球队的动态。尤其是,教练要求您探索球员之间在现场的复杂互动如何影响他们的成功。目标不仅是检查直接导致得分的互动,而且还探索整个比赛以及整个赛季的团队动力,以帮助确定可以改善下赛季团队合作的特定策略。教练已要求ICM量化并正规化已为团队成功(但未成功)的结构和动态特征。爱斯基摩人提供了有关上赛季的详细信息的数据[1],包括他们与19个对手进行的38场比赛(他们每场对战球队都踢了两次)。总体而言,该数据涵盖366名玩家(30名哈士奇玩家和336名来自对立团队的玩家)之间的23,429次传球,以及59,271次比赛事件。

为了回应赫斯基教练的要求,您的ICM团队应使用提供的数据解决以下问题:

• 为球员之间的传球建立一个网络,其中每个球员都是一个节点,每个传球都构成了球员之间的联系。使用您经过的网络来识别网络模式,例如二元和三元配置和团队组成。还要考虑游戏中的其他结构指标和网络属性。你应该
[1]该数据集来自一个更大的数据集,涵盖了来自五项欧洲国家足球比赛以及2018年世界杯的近2000场比赛[1]。
• 确定反映成功团队合作的绩效指标(除了得分或获胜之外),例如比赛类型的多样性,球员之间的协调或贡献的分配。您还可以考虑其他团队级别的流程,例如适应性,灵活性,节奏或流程。弄清策略是普遍有效还是取决于对手的反策略可能很重要。使用已确定的绩效指标和团队级别的流程来创建一个模型,以捕获团队工作的结构,配置和动态方面。
• 利用从团队合作模型中获得的见解,向教练告知哪种形式的结构策略对爱斯基摩犬有效。就网络分析 表明他们应该在下个赛季做出以改善团队成功的变化向教练提供建议。
• 对哈士奇犬的分析使您可以在团队运动的受控环境中考虑小组动力。理解使某些群体的表现优于其他群体的复杂因素,对于社会的发展和创新至关重要。随着我们的社会越来越多地解决与团队有关的问题,您能否概括一下您的发现,以说一下如何设计更有效的团队?开发团队绩效的通用模型还需要捕捉团队合作的其他哪些方面?

您提交的内容应包括:
•一页摘要表
• 目录
•您的解决方案不超过20页,最多包含摘要和目录的22页。
注意:参考列表和任何附录不计入页数限制,应在完成解决方案后出现。您不应使用未经版权法限制使用的未经授权的图像和材料。确保您引用了想法的来源以及报告中使用的材料。

附件
2020_Problem_D_DATA.zip
fullevents.csv ma​​tchs.csv传递events.csv README.txt
词汇表
二进位配置:涉及成对玩家的关系。
三合一配置:涉及三个参与者的组的关系。

Cited Reference
[1] Pappalardo, L., Cintia, P., Rossi, A. et al. A public data set of spatio-temporal match events in soccer competitions. Sci Data 6, 236 (2019).
Optional Resources
Research in football (soccer) networks has led to many articles that discuss related topics. A few articles are listed below. You are not required to use any of these sample articles in your solution, nor is it a comprehensive list. We encourage teams to utilize any journal article that supports their approach to the problem.
Buldú, J.M., Busquets, J., Echegoyen, I. et al. (2019). Defining a historic football team: Using Network Science to analyze Guardiola’s F.C. Barcelona. Sci Rep, 9, 13602.
Cintia, P., Giannotti, F., Pappalardo, L., Pedreschi, D., & Malvaldi, M. (2015). The harsh rule of the goals: Data-driven performance indicators for football teams. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA), 1-10, 7344823.
Duch J., Waitzman J.S., Amaral L.A.N. (2010). Quantifying the performance of individual players in a team activity. PLoS ONE, 5: e10937.
GÜRSAKAL, N., YILMAZ, F., ÇOBANOĞLU, H., ÇAĞLIYOR, S. (2018). Network Motifs in Football. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 20 (3), 263-272.

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summary: In this paper, we establish a regression model based on the passing network to evaluate the influence of team structure strategy and opponents’ counter-strategy on the match results. Fortask1,wefirstlistsomeHuskiesmatchstatisticsforthisseasonandanalyzetheteamin brief. Secondly, we construct a passingnetwork based on the number of passes and visualizes the passing network diagram of three games under three different coaches. We use these three diagrams to describe and compare the changes in Huskies’ strategies. After that, we identify network patterns of dyadic and triadic configurations and count 15 kinds of these two configurations in the above three matches, reflecting the structural indicators of the passing network. We also explore time scale and micro scale by giving the change of the team’s centroid over time in the first match and the Huskies’ 4 positions heat map over the season. For task 2, we construct the regression model not only introducing the basic data representing Huskies’ and opponents’ ability, but also extracting six independent variables from the indicators of the passing network into the model. Considering opponents’ counter-strategies, we also introduce the product interaction term between opponents’ data and network structure indicators. Through the training of regression model, we can judge whether the independent variables introduced have influence, what kind of influence and how much influence the independent variables introduced have on the result of the match. For task 3, by bringing in data for training, the model leaves 10 variables including interactionterms. Inordertoverifytheaccuracyofthemodel,weuseLeaveOneOutcrossvalidation, andthepredictedaccuracyoftheraceresultreached71.05%. Then,basedonthetrainedmodel, we point out the effective structural strategies Huskies currently have, such as the strong connection between the core players. Meanwhile, we also give specific advice for Huskies team to improve team success, such as the emphasis on triadic configurations among players. Fortask4,weextendthemodelappliedtohuskiestoallteamworkscenariosandintroduce the IPOI model. The IPOI model conducts multi-level induction of influencing factors and selection of assessment indicators from the four aspects of team input, process, output and reinput, taking into account team construction, operation, management, feedback and other aspects. WeconsiderthattheexistingHuskiemodelisprogresspartofIPOImodel,andweadd the evaluation system of input, output and reinput part, taking the university scientific research team modeling as an example. Insummary,ourmodelispracticalandreliableforhandlingnetwork-basedteamworkproblems in society. Keywords: football strategy, network science, regression analysis, IPOI model.

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