「JLOI 2015」城池攻占「左偏树」

对每个点维护一个左偏树（小根可并堆），一开始把骑士插入

然后dfs，从下往上把骑士送上去

每次在取左偏树的堆顶找死亡骑士，不断pop，直到堆顶骑士不会死亡为止

然后最后在根上打修改懒标记（加或乘）

#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;

const int N = 3e5 + 10;

int n, m, f[N], op[N], s[N], t[N];
LL h[N], atk[N], num[N];
int ans[N], dep[N];

struct Node {
	int l, r, d, id;
	LL val, add, mul;
	void Add(LL x) { add += x; val += x; }
	void Mul(LL x) { mul *= x; add *= x; val *= x;}
} node[N << 2];
const Node null = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0LL, 0LL, 1LL};
int node_cnt;

void pushd(int u) {
	if(!u) return ;
	Node & rt = node[u];
	if(!rt.mul) return ;
	Node & l = node[node[u].l], & r = node[node[u].r];
	if(rt.mul != 1) {
		l.mul *= rt.mul; l.add *= rt.mul; l.val *= rt.mul;
		r.mul *= rt.mul; r.add *= rt.mul; r.val *= rt.mul;
		rt.mul = 1;
	}
	if(rt.add) {
		l.add += rt.add; l.val += rt.add;
		r.add += rt.add; r.val += rt.add;
		rt.add = 0;
	}
}

struct LeTree { //Leftist Tree
	int rt;
	LeTree() { rt = 0; }
	int merge(int a, int b) {
		pushd(a); pushd(b);
		if(!a || !b) return a | b;
		if(node[a].val > node[b].val) swap(a, b);
		Node & rt = node[a];
		rt.r = merge(rt.r, b);
		if(node[rt.l].d < node[rt.r].d) swap(rt.l, rt.r);
		rt.d = node[rt.r].d + 1;
		return a;
	}
	inline void insert(LL x, int id) {
		Node & u = node[++ node_cnt];
		u = null; u.id = id; u.val = x;
		rt = merge(rt, node_cnt);
	}
	inline bool empty() { return !rt; }
	inline LL top() { return node[rt].val; }
	inline int topi() { return node[rt].id; }
	inline void pop() { 
		if(empty()) return ;
		pushd(rt), rt = merge(node[rt].l, node[rt].r);
	}
} heap[N];

vector<int> ch[N];

void dfs(int u) {
	dep[u] = dep[f[u]] + 1;
	for(int i = 0; i < ch[u].size(); i ++) {
		int v = ch[u][i]; dfs(v);
		heap[u].rt = heap[u].merge(heap[u].rt, heap[v].rt);
	}
	while(!heap[u].empty() && heap[u].top() < h[u])
		{ ++ ans[u]; t[heap[u].topi()] = u; heap[u].pop(); };
	if(!heap[u].empty()) {
		if(op[u]) node[heap[u].rt].Mul(num[u]);
		else node[heap[u].rt].Add(num[u]);
	}
}

int main() {
	scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
		scanf("%lld", &h[i]);
	for(int i = 2; i <= n; i ++) {
		scanf("%d%d%lld", &f[i], &op[i], &num[i]);
		ch[f[i]].push_back(i);
	}
	for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
		scanf("%lld%d", &atk[i], &s[i]);
		heap[s[i]].insert(atk[i], i);
	}
	dfs(1);
	for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
		printf("%d\n", ans[i]);
	for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++)
		printf("%d\n", dep[s[i]] - dep[t[i]]);
	return 0;
}