O3级别对性能到底有多少影响

先看一个代码片段, 主要是测试std::vector的开销。

#include <chrono>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <unistd.h>

std::vector<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> time_point_begin;
std::vector<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point> time_point_end;

int main(int argc, char**argv) {
    int cycle = atoi(argv[1]);
    int size = atoi(argv[2]);
    int interval = atoi(argv[3]);

    int count = 0;
    while (++count < cycle) {
        time_point_begin.emplace_back(std::chrono::steady_clock::now());
        {
            std::vector<uint8_t> a;
            std::vector<uint8_t> b;
            std::vector<uint8_t> c;
            std::vector<uint8_t> d;
        }
        time_point_end.emplace_back(std::chrono::steady_clock::now());
        usleep(interval);
    }

    std::ofstream result_file_begin;
    result_file_begin.open("begin.txt", std::ios_base::app);

    for (auto item : time_point_begin) {
        result_file_begin << (std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(item)).time_since_epoch().count() << std::endl; 
    }

    std::ofstream result_file_end;
    result_file_end.open("end.txt", std::ios_base::app);

    for (auto item : time_point_end) {
        result_file_end << (std::chrono::time_point_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(item)).time_since_epoch().count() << std::endl; 
    }

    result_file_begin.close();
    result_file_end.close();
}

10000次， 间隔2ms

结果，在-O3级别的优化下，这四个vector创建及销毁的开销大约是0.194微秒

如果不加任何优化，开销大约在1.25微秒左右。