Spring框架浅入

SpringFramework概述及IOC

一：Spring概述、Spring体系介绍

Spring的核心是控制反转（IoC）和面向切面（AOP）

spring是开源的、轻量级的、一站式的框架，以 IoC（Inverse Of Control： 反转控制）和 AOP（Aspect Oriented Programming：面向切面编程）为内核

二：Spring安装配置

在工程目录下的pom.xml中配置

<dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
     <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
  </dependency>

可在网上查找，粘贴过来

三：IOC

IOC容器初始化

ApplicationContext实现类

ApplicationContext是一个接口,有以下几个不同的实现类：

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

FileSystemXmlApplicationContext

XmlWebApplicationContext

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext

使用方法：

1. 创建实体类

   package com.lanou3g.bean;
   
   import lombok.Getter;
   import lombok.Setter;
   
   @Getter
   @Setter
   public class Man {
        
       private Food name;
       private String hobby;
       private int age;
       private String sex;
       private String food;
   
       public void eat(){
        
           System.out.println("我叫" + name + ",我今年" + age + "岁了，我喜欢吃：" + food);
       }
   
       public void play(){
        
           System.out.println("我叫" + name + ",我今年" + age + "岁了，我喜欢玩：" + hobby);
       }
   
   }
   
   

2. 配置Spring xml文件

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
       <bean id="man" class="com.lanou3g.bean.Man">
           <property name="age" value="18"></property>
           <property name="food" value="橘子"></property>
           <property name="hobby" value="吃鸡"></property>
   <!--        <property name="name" value="赵云"></property>-->
           <property name="name" ref="apple"></property>
           <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
       </bean>
       <bean id="apple" class="com.lanou3g.bean.Food">
           <property name="name" value="张飞"></property>
       </bean>
   </beans>
   

3. 使用

   public class App {
        
       public static void main( String[] args ) {
        
           useSpringIOC();
   
       }
       public static void useSpringIOC(){
        
           //加载Spring上下文配置文件
           ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
           //获取bean
           Man man = (Man) cxt.getBean("man");
           Man man1 = cxt.getBean("man",Man.class);
           Man man2 = cxt.getBean(Man.class);
   
           man.eat();
           man.play();
           System.out.println("man:" + man);
           System.out.println("man1:" + man1);
           System.out.println("man2:" + man2);
       }
   }
   

   如果是两个xml文件以上，可以使用字符串数组

   ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{“applicationContext.xml”,“applicationContext1.xml”});

   或者使用通配符

   ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“classpath:/*.xml”);

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

使用方法:

1. 创建实体类

   package com.lanou3g.bean;
   
   import lombok.Getter;
   import lombok.Setter;
   
   @Getter
   @Setter
   public class Student {
        
       private String name;
       private int age;
   }
   
   

2. 创建@Configuration配置类

   package com.lanou3g;
   
   import com.lanou3g.bean.Student;
   import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
   import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
   
   @Configuration //表明是bean的配置类
   public class AppConfig {
        
       @Bean
       public Student student1(){
         //方法名相当于id
           Student student = new Student();
           student.setName("张三");
           student.setAge(18);
           return student;
       }
   
       @Bean
       public Student student2(){
        
           Student student = new Student();
           student.setName("赵云");
           student.setAge(20);
           return student;
       }
   }
   
   

   @configuration可理解为用Spring的时候xml里面的标签

   @Bean可理解为用Spring的时候xml里面的标签

3. 使用

   public class App {
        
       public static void main( String[] args ) {
        
          // useSpringIOC();
           useSpringIOC2();
   
       }
   
   public static void useSpringIOC2(){
        
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("AppConfig.class");
           Student student1 = (Student) ctx.getBean("student1");
           System.out.println(student1.getName());
           System.out.println(student1.getAge());
   
           Student student2 = (Student) ctx.getBean("student2");
           System.out.println(student2.getName());
           System.out.println(student2.getAge());
       }
   }
   

FileSystemXmlApplicationContext

XmlWebApplicationContext

这两种跟上面的类似

Application初始化路径

路径前缀

//	前缀classpath：表示的是项目的classpath下相对路径   
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");

路径中的通配符

//	使用通配符加载所有符合要求的文件  
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath*:applicationContext.xml");

通过Xml方式配置管理bean

schema约束地址不能用https，否则每次都要从Spring加载，无网不能运行（新版本已解决这个问题）

使用步骤：

• 创建实体类

  package com.lanou3g.bean;
  
  import lombok.Getter;
  import lombok.Setter;
  
  @Getter
  @Setter
  public class Man {
   
      private String hobby;
      private int age;
      private String sex;
      private String food;
  
      public void eat(){
   
          System.out.println("我叫" + name + ",我今年" + age + "岁了，我喜欢吃：" + food);
      }
  
      public void play(){
   
          System.out.println("我叫" + name + ",我今年" + age + "岁了，我喜欢玩：" + hobby);
      }
  }
  
  

• 配置xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
      <bean id="man" class="com.lanou3g.bean.Man">
          <property name="age" value="18"></property>
          <property name="food" value="橘子"></property>
          <property name="hobby" value="吃鸡"></property>
          <property name="name" ref="apple"></property>
          <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
      </bean>   
  </beans>    

通过注解方式管理bean

两种方式：

第一种：

1. 创建实体类

 package com.lanou3g.bean;
 
 import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.Setter;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
 @Component //把普通实体类实例化到spring容器中，相当于配置文件中的<bean id="" class=""/>
 @Getter
 @Setter
 public class Student {
   
     private String name;
     private int age;
 }
 

2. 创建配置类

 package com.lanou3g;
 
 import com.lanou3g.bean.Student;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 
 @Configuration //表明该类是Spring的一个配置类，该类中会包含应用上下文创建bean的具体细节
 @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.lanou3g")//开启注解扫描支持，同时指定扫描包根路径
 public class MyConfiguration {
   
 
 }
 
 

3. 使用

 package com.lanou3g;
 
 import com.lanou3g.bean.Student;
 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
 
 public class App {
   
     public static void main( String[] args ) {
   
         //加载Spring上下文配置文件
         ApplicationContext cxt = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MyConfiguration.class);
         testIOCBean(cxt);
     }
 
     public static void testIOCBean(ApplicationContext cxt){
   
         //获取bean
         Student stu = cxt.getBean(Student.class);
         System.out.println(stu.getName());
         System.out.println(stu.getAge());
     }
 }
 

第二种：

1. 创建实体类

 package com.lanou3g.bean;
 
 import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.Setter;
 
 @Getter
 @Setter
 public class Student {
   
     private String name;
     private int age;
 }
 

2. 创建配置类

 package com.lanou3g;
 
 import com.lanou3g.bean.Student;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 
 //加上@Configuration注解后，这个类就相当于变成了一个Spring上下文配置文件
 @Configuration
 public class AppConfig {
   
     @Bean
     public Student student1(){
   //方法名相当于id
         Student student = new Student();
         student.setName("张三");
         student.setAge(18);
         return student;
     }
 
     @Bean
     public Student student2(){
   
         Student student = new Student();
         student.setName("赵云");
         student.setAge(20);
         return student;
     }
 }
 

@configuration可理解为用Spring的时候xml里面的标签

@Bean可理解为用Spring的时候xml里面的标签

3. 使用

 public class App {
   
     public static void main( String[] args ) {
   
        // useSpringIOC();
         useSpringIOC2();
 
     }
 
 public static void useSpringIOC2(){
   
         AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("AppConfig.class");    
         Student student1 = (Student) ctx.getBean("student1");
         System.out.println(student1.getName());
         System.out.println(student1.getAge());
 
         Student student2 = (Student) ctx.getBean("student2");
         System.out.println(student2.getName());
         System.out.println(student2.getAge());