传统基于DIBR的虚拟视点生成理论+代码

这是虚拟视点图像生成的第一篇博客，希望自己能坚持下来。

1.      实验环境

Win8-----vs2013-----opencv2.4.11

2.      实验材料

微软亚洲研究院多视点视频序列

下载地址：

http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/downloads/5e4675af-03f4-4b16-b3bc-a85c5bafb21d/

使用微软亚洲研究院的多视点视频序列，由视点0和视点2生成虚拟视点1的过程，采用opencv库来辅助开发，主要的成果有：

1，由参考视点0的彩色图像和深度图像生成虚拟视点1的彩色图像和深度图像，中间用z-buffer算法解决遮挡问题；

2，在1的基础上，由参考视点2的彩色图像和深度图像生成虚拟视点1的彩色图像和深度图像。

3，为解决裂缝问题，用中值滤波来滤波彩色图像和深度图像。

4，采用的是双向映射。

原始图像

生成的图像

源代码

#ifndef _wrapingOf3D1
#define _wrapingOf3D1
#include<iostream>
#include<opencv2\opencv.hpp>
class Histogram1D{
private:
	int histSize[1];
	float hranges[2];
	const float *ranges[1];
	int channels[1];
public:
	Histogram1D(){
		histSize[0] = 256;
		hranges[0] = 0.0;
		hranges[1] = 255.0;
		ranges[0] = hranges;
		channels[0] = 0;
	}
	cv::MatND getHistogram(const cv::Mat &image){
		cv::MatND hist;
		cv::calcHist(&image, 1, channels, cv::Mat(), hist, 1, histSize, ranges);
		return hist;
	}
	cv::Mat getHistogramImage(const cv::Mat &image){
		cv::MatND hist = getHistogram(image);
		double maxVal = 0;
		double minVal = 0;
		cv::minMaxLoc(hist, &minVal, &maxVal, 0, 0);
		cv::Mat histImg(histSize[0], histSize[0], CV_8U, cv::Scalar(255));
		int hpt = static_cast<int>(0.9*histSize[0]);
		for (int h = 0; h < histSize[0]; h++){
			float binVal = hist.at<float>(h);
			int intensity = static_cast<int>(binVal*hpt / maxVal);
			cv::line(histImg, cv::Point(h, histSize[0]), cv::Point(h, histSize[0] - intensity), cv::Scalar::all(100), 1);
		}
		return histImg;
	}
};
 
/*
**define a struct included intrinsic and extrinsic args
*/
typedef struct {
	double m_K[3][3]; // 3x3 intrinsic matrix
	double m_RotMatrix[3][3]; // rotation matrix
	double m_Trans[3]; // translation vector
 
	double m_ProjMatrix[4][4]; // projection matrix
} CalibStruct;
/*
**define globle variables
*/
CalibStruct m_CalibParams[8];
int m_NumCameras = 8;
int m_Width = 1024, m_Height = 768; // camera resolution is 1024x768
double pts[8][3];
 
 
/*
**declare function
*/
void InitializeFromFile(char *fileName);
double DepthLevelToZ(unsigned char d);
unsigned char ZToDepthLever(double z);
double projXYZtoUV(double projMatrix[4][4], double x, double y, double z, double *u, double *v);
void projUVZtoXY(double projMatrix[4][4], double u, double v, double z, double *x, double *y, double pt[8][2]);
void wrapingImage(int ref, int proj, cv::Mat &imageColor, cv::Mat &imageDepth, cv::Mat &imageColorOut);
void pointProject_from_ref_to_otherView(double pts[8][2], int ref, int u, int v, unsigned char d);
/*
**define function
*/
 
/*
** read text file and write args to struct of globle variable
*/
void readCalibrationFile(char *fileName)
{
	int i, j, k;
	FILE *pIn;
	double dIn; // dummy variable
	int camIdx;
 
	if (pIn = fopen(fileName, "r"))
	{
		for (k = 0; k<m_NumCameras; k++)
		{
			// camera index
			fscanf(pIn, "%d", &camIdx);
			//std::cout << camIdx << std::endl;
 
			// camera intrinsics
			for (i = 0; i < 3; i++){
				fscanf(pIn, "%lf\t%lf\t%lf", &(m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_K[i][0]), &(m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_K[i][1]), &(m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_K[i][2]));
				//std::cout << (m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_K[i][0])<<"\t"<<(m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_K[i][1]) <<"\t"<< (m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_K[i][2]) << std::endl;
			}
 
			// read barrel distortion params (assume 0)
			fscanf(pIn, "%lf", &dIn);
			fscanf(pIn, "%lf", &dIn);
 
			// read extrinsics
			for (i = 0; i<3; i++)
			{
				for (j = 0; j<3; j++)
				{
					fscanf(pIn, "%lf", &dIn);
					m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_RotMatrix[i][j] = dIn;
					//std::cout << m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_RotMatrix[i][j] << std::endl;
				}
 
				fscanf(pIn, "%lf", &dIn);
				m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_Trans[i] = dIn;
			}
 
		}
 
		fclose(pIn);
	}
}// readCalibrationFile
 
/*
**calcular all projectionMatrices depended on struct variables
*/
void computeProjectionMatrices()
{
	int i, j, k, camIdx;
	double(*inMat)[3];
	double exMat[3][4];
 
	for (camIdx = 0; camIdx<m_NumCameras; camIdx++)
	{
		// The intrinsic matrix
		inMat = m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_K;
 
		// The extrinsic matrix
		for (i = 0; i<3; i++)
		{
			for (j = 0; j<3; j++)
			{
				exMat[i][j] = m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_RotMatrix[i][j];
			}
		}
 
		for (i = 0; i<3; i++)
		{
			exMat[i][3] = m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_Trans[i];
		}
 
		// Multiply the intrinsic matrix by the extrinsic matrix to find our projection matrix
		for (i = 0; i<3; i++)
		{
			for (j = 0; j<4; j++)
			{
				m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_ProjMatrix[i][j] = 0.0;
 
				for (k = 0; k<3; k++)
				{
					m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_ProjMatrix[i][j] += inMat[i][k] * exMat[k][j];
				}
			}
		}
 
		m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_ProjMatrix[3][0] = 0.0;
		m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_ProjMatrix[3][1] = 0.0;
		m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_ProjMatrix[3][2] = 0.0;
		m_CalibParams[camIdx].m_ProjMatrix[3][3] = 1.0;
	}
}
 
/**
**init projection matrix
*/
void InitializeFromFile(char *fileName)
{
	readCalibrationFile(fileName);
	computeProjectionMatrices();
}
/**
**calcular z depended on d of depth image
*/
double DepthLevelToZ(unsigned char d)
{
	double z;
	double MinZ = 44.0, MaxZ = 120.0;
 
	z = 1.0 / ((d / 255.0)*(1.0 / MinZ - 1.0 / MaxZ) + 1.0 / MaxZ);
	return z;
}
 
/**
**calcular d of depth image depended on z
*/
unsigned char ZToDepthLever(double z)
{
	double MinZ = 44.0, MaxZ = 120.0;
	unsigned char d;
	d = (unsigned char)(255.0*(1 / (double)z - 1 / MaxZ) / (1 / MinZ - 1 / MaxZ));
	return d;
}
 
/**
**calcular x,y depended on u,v,z and projection Matrix
**for example,projection Matrix is m_CalibParams[i].m_ProjMatrix which is index of camera
*/
void projUVZtoXY(double projMatrix[4][4], double u, double v, double z, double *x, double *y)
{
	double c0, c1, c2;
 
	// image (0,0) is bottom lefthand corner
	v = (double)m_Height - v - 1.0;
 
	c0 = z*projMatrix[0][2] + projMatrix[0][3];
	c1 = z*projMatrix[1][2] + projMatrix[1][3];
	c2 = z*projMatrix[2][2] + projMatrix[2][3];
 
	*y = u*(c1*projMatrix[2][0] - projMatrix[1][0] * c2) +
		v*(c2*projMatrix[0][0] - projMatrix[2][0] * c0) +
		projMatrix[1][0] * c0 - c1*projMatrix[0][0];
 
	*y /= v*(projMatrix[2][0] * projMatrix[0][1] - projMatrix[2][1] * projMatrix[0][0]) +
		u*(projMatrix[1][0] * projMatrix[2][1] - projMatrix[1][1] * projMatrix[2][0]) +
		projMatrix[0][0] * projMatrix[1][1] - projMatrix[1][0] * projMatrix[0][1];
 
	*x = (*y)*(projMatrix[0][1] - projMatrix[2][1] * u) + c0 - c2*u;
	*x /= projMatrix[2][0] * u - projMatrix[0][0];
} // projUVZtoXY
 
/**
**calcular u,v,z1 depended on x,y,z
**z1 is after projection and z is before projection.z1 is return value
**/
 
double projXYZtoUV(double projMatrix[4][4], double x, double y, double z, double *u, double *v)
{
	double w;
 
	*u = projMatrix[0][0] * x +
		projMatrix[0][1] * y +
		projMatrix[0][2] * z +
		projMatrix[0][3];
 
	*v = projMatrix[1][0] * x +
		projMatrix[1][1] * y +
		projMatrix[1][2] * z +
		projMatrix[1][3];
 
	w = projMatrix[2][0] * x +
		projMatrix[2][1] * y +
		projMatrix[2][2] * z +
		projMatrix[2][3];
 
	*u /= w;
	*v /= w;
 
	// image (0,0) is bottom lefthand corner
	*v = (double)m_Height - *v - 1.0;
 
	return w;
 
} // projXYZtoUV
 
/**
**/
 
void pointProject_from_ref_to_otherView(double pts[8][3], int ref, int u, int v, unsigned char d)
{
	double x, y, z = DepthLevelToZ(d);
 
	//printf("Testing projection of pt (%d,%d) in camera 0 with d = %d (z = %f) to other cameras\n", u, v, d, z);
 
	projUVZtoXY(m_CalibParams[ref].m_ProjMatrix, (double)u, (double)v, z, &x, &y);
	//printf("3D pt = (%f, %f, %f) [coordinates wrt reference camera]\n", x, y, z);
 
	for (int cam = 0; cam<8; cam++)
	{
		double *pt = pts[cam];
 
		pt[2]=projXYZtoUV(m_CalibParams[cam].m_ProjMatrix, x, y, z, &pt[0], &pt[1]);
		//printf("Camera %d: (%f, %f)\n", cam, pt[0], pt[1]);
		pt[2] = ZToDepthLever(pt[2]);
	}
}
 
/**
**wraping image,ref represent reference cam,proj represent projection cam
**the kernal code
**/
void wrapingImage(int ref, int proj, cv::Mat &imageColor, cv::Mat &imageDepth, cv::Mat &imageColorOut, cv::Mat &imageDepthOut)
{
	for (int v = 0; v < imageColor.rows; v++)
		for (int u = 0; u < imageColor.cols; u++)
		{
			double d = imageDepth.at<cv::Vec3b>(v, u)[0];
			pointProject_from_ref_to_otherView(pts, ref, u, v, d);
			int u1 = (int)pts[proj][0];
			int v1 = (int)pts[proj][1];
			int k1 = (int)pts[proj][2];
			if (u1 < 0 || u1 >= imageColor.cols - 1 || v1 < 0 || v1 >= imageColor.rows - 1)
				continue;
			if (k1 < imageDepthOut.at<cv::Vec3b>(v1, u1)[0])
				continue;
			imageColorOut.at<cv::Vec3b>(v1, u1) = imageColor.at<cv::Vec3b>(v, u);
			imageDepthOut.at<cv::Vec3b>(v1, u1)[0] = k1;
			imageDepthOut.at<cv::Vec3b>(v1, u1)[1] = k1;
			imageDepthOut.at<cv::Vec3b>(v1, u1)[2] = k1;
		}
}
 
void dipslay(char *calibParam, char *refColor, char *refDepth, char *refColor2, char *refDepth2, char *actColor)
{
	//initialize projection_Matrix
	InitializeFromFile(calibParam);
	//display projection_Matrix
	for (int i = 0; i < m_NumCameras; i++){
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++){
			for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++)
				std::cout << m_CalibParams[i].m_K[j][k] << "\t";
			std::cout << std::endl;
		}
 
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++){
			for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++)
				std::cout << m_CalibParams[i].m_RotMatrix[j][k] << "\t";
			std::cout << std::endl;
		}
		for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++)
			std::cout << m_CalibParams[i].m_Trans[k] << "\t";
		std::cout << std::endl;
		std::cout << std::endl;
		std::cout << std::endl;
		std::cout << std::endl;
	}
	//suspend and users enter a digit
	int aa;
	std::cin >> aa;
	//read color image and depth image of refrence
	cv::Mat imageColor = cv::imread(refColor);
	cv::Mat imageDepth = cv::imread(refDepth);
	cv::Mat imageColor2 = cv::imread(refColor2);
	cv::Mat imageDepth2 = cv::imread(refDepth2);
	//read true image used to compare
	cv::Mat imageColor_actual = cv::imread(actColor);
	//set reference cam
	int ref = 0;
	int ref2 = 2;
	//set projection cam
	int proj = 1;
	//test code
	pointProject_from_ref_to_otherView(pts, ref, 700, 700, imageDepth.at<cv::Vec3b>(700, 700)[0]);
	for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
	{
		std::cout << pts[i][0] << "\t" << pts[i][1] << std::endl;
	}
	std::cin >> aa;
	//define two variable of output
	cv::Mat imageColorOut;
	cv::Mat imageColorOut2;
	cv::Mat imageDepthOut;
	imageColorOut.create(imageColor.rows, imageColor.cols, imageColor.type());
	imageColorOut2.create(imageColor.rows, imageColor.cols, imageColor.type());
	imageDepthOut.create(imageColor.rows, imageColor.cols, imageColor.type());
	for (int v = 0; v < imageColor.rows; v++)
	{
		for (int u = 0; u < imageColor.cols; u++)
		{
			imageColorOut.at<cv::Vec3b>(v, u)[0] = 0;
			imageColorOut.at<cv::Vec3b>(v, u)[1] = 0;
			imageColorOut2.at<cv::Vec3b>(v, u)[2] = 0;
			imageColorOut2.at<cv::Vec3b>(v, u)[0] = 0;
			imageColorOut2.at<cv::Vec3b>(v, u)[1] = 0;
			imageColorOut.at<cv::Vec3b>(v, u)[2] = 0;
			imageDepthOut.at<cv::Vec3b>(v, u)[0] = 0;
			imageDepthOut.at<cv::Vec3b>(v, u)[1] = 0;
			imageDepthOut.at<cv::Vec3b>(v, u)[2] = 0;
		
		}
	}
	//save_dir
	char *save_dir = "C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\experiencePictrue\\";
	//wraping from reference view to virtruel view 
	wrapingImage(ref, proj, imageColor, imageDepth, imageColorOut,imageDepthOut);
	wrapingImage(ref2, proj, imageColor2, imageDepth2, imageColorOut, imageDepthOut);
	//display reference_image
	/*cv::imshow("reference_image", imageColor);
	cv::imwrite("C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\experiencePictrue\\reference_image.jpg", imageColor);*/
	//display virtruel_image
	cv::medianBlur(imageColorOut, imageColorOut, 3);
	cv::imshow("virtruel_Color_image01", imageColorOut);
	cv::imwrite("C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\experiencePictrue\\virtruel_Color_image01.jpg", imageColorOut);
	display virtruel_image
	//cv::imshow("virtruel_Color_image21", imageColorOut2);
	//cv::imwrite("C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\experiencePictrue\\virtruel_Color_image21.jpg", imageColorOut2);
	//display virtruel_image
	cv::medianBlur(imageDepthOut, imageDepthOut, 3);
	cv::imshow("virtruel_Depth_image", imageDepthOut);
	cv::imwrite("C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\experiencePictrue\\virtruel_Depth_image.jpg", imageDepthOut);
	//display actruel_image
	cv::imshow("actruel_image", imageColor_actual);
	cv::imwrite("C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\experiencePictrue\\actruel_image.jpg", imageColor_actual);
	mix reference and virtruel and check changes
	//cv::Mat imageColorRefVSProj;
	//cv::addWeighted(imageColor, 0.5, imageColorOut, 0.5, 0.0, imageColorRefVSProj);
	//cv::imshow("imageColorRefVSProj", imageColorRefVSProj);
	//cv::imwrite("C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\experiencePictrue\\imageColorRefVSProj.jpg", imageColorRefVSProj);
	mix actual and virtruel and check changes
	//cv::Mat imageColorActVSProj;
	//cv::addWeighted(imageColor_actual, 0.5, imageColorOut, 0.5, 0.0, imageColorActVSProj);
	//cv::imshow("imageColorActVSProj", imageColorActVSProj);
	//cv::imwrite("C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\experiencePictrue\\imageColorActVSProj.jpg", imageColorActVSProj);
	cv::waitKey();
 
}
 
void main()
{
	char *refColor = "C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\3DVideos-distrib\\MSR3DVideo-Breakdancers\\cam0\\color-cam0-f000.jpg";
	char *refDepth = "C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\3DVideos-distrib\\MSR3DVideo-Breakdancers\\cam0\\depth-cam0-f000.png";
	char *refColor2 = "C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\3DVideos-distrib\\MSR3DVideo-Breakdancers\\cam2\\color-cam2-f000.jpg";
	char *refDepth2 = "C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\3DVideos-distrib\\MSR3DVideo-Breakdancers\\cam2\\depth-cam2-f000.png";
	char *calibParam = "C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\3DVideos-distrib\\MSR3DVideo-Breakdancers\\calibParams-breakdancers.txt";
	char *actColor = "C:\\Users\\jiang\\Desktop\\experientdata\\3DVideos-distrib\\MSR3DVideo-Breakdancers\\cam1\\color-cam1-f000.jpg";
	dipslay(calibParam, refColor, refDepth, refColor2, refDepth2, actColor);
}
#endif

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